François Mauriac

François Mauriac
François Mauriac in 1932
Born	François Charles Mauriac 11 October 1885(1885-10-11) Bordeaux, France
Died	1 September 1970 (aged 84) Paris, France
Occupation	novelist, dramatist, critic, poet and journalist
Nationality	French
Notable award(s)	Grand Prix du roman de l'Académie française 1926 Nobel Prize in Literature 1952
Influenced Gabriel Marcel, Elie Wiesel

François Mauriac (11 October 1885 — 1 September 1970) was a French author; member of the Académie française (1933); laureate of the Nobel Prize in Literature (1952). He was awarded the Grand Cross of the Légion d'honneur (1958). He is acknowledged to be one of the greatest Roman Catholic writers of the 20th century.

Biography

He was born François Charles Mauriac in Bordeaux, France. He studied literature at the University of Bordeaux, graduating in 1905, after which he moved to Paris to prepare for postgraduate study at the École des Chartes. He was opposed to the rule in Vietnam, and strongly condemned the use of torture by the French army in Algeria. He also published a series of personal memoirs and a biography of Charles de Gaulle.

On 1 June 1933 he was elected a member of the Académie française, succeeding Eugène Brieux.^[1]

In 1952, he won the Nobel Prize in Literature "for the deep spiritual insight and the artistic intensity with which he has in his novels penetrated the drama of human life".^[2] He was awarded the Grand Cross of the Légion d'honneur in 1958.^[3] Mauriac's complete works were published in twelve volumes between 1950 and 1956. He also encouraged Elie Wiesel to write about his experiences as a Jew during the Holocaust, and wrote a foreword in Elie Wiesel's book, Night.

Mauriac had a bitter public dispute with Roger Peyrefitte, who criticised the Vatican in books such as Les Clés de saint Pierre (1953). Mauriac threatened to resign from the paper he was working with at the time (L'Express) if they did not stop carrying advertisements for Peyrefitte's books. The quarrel was exacerbated by the release of the film adaptation of Peyrefitte's Les Amitiés Particulières and culminated in a virulent open letter by Peyrefitte in which he accused Mauriac of homosexual tendencies and called him a Tartuffe.^[4]

Mauriac also had a bitter dispute with Albert Camus immediately following the liberation of France in World War II. At that time, Camus edited the resistance paper (now an overt daily) Combat while Mauriac wrote a column for Le Figaro. Camus said newly liberated France should purge all Nazi collaborator elements, but Mauriac warned that such disputes should be set aside in the interests of national reconciliation. Mauriac also doubted that justice would be impartial or dispassionate given the emotional turmoil of liberation.

François Mauriac died in Paris on 1 September 1970 and was interred in the Cimetière de Vemars, Val d'Oise, France.

He was the father of writer Claude Mauriac and grandfather of Anne Wiazemsky, a French actress and author who worked with and married French director Jean-Luc Godard.

Awards and honors

• 1926 — Grand Prix du roman de l'Académie française
• 1933 — member of the Académie française
• 1952 — Nobel Prize in Literature
• 1958 — Grand Cross of the Légion d'honneur

Works

Novels, novellas and short stories

• 1913 - L'Enfant chargé de chaînes («Young Man in Chains», tr. 1961)
• 1914 - La Robe prétexte («The Stuff of Youth», tr. 1960)
• 1920 - La Chair et le Sang («Flesh and Blood», tr. 1954)
• 1921 - Préséances («Questions of Precedence», tr. 1958)
• 1922 - Le Baiser au lépreux («The Kiss to the Leper», tr. 1923 / «A Kiss to the Leper», tr. 1950)
• 1923 - Le Fleuve de feu («The River of Fire», tr. 1954)
• 1923 - Génitrix («Genetrix», tr. 1950)
• 1923 - Le Mal («The Enemy», tr. 1949)
• 1925 - Le Désert de l'amour («The Desert of Love», tr. 1949) (Awarded the Grand Prix du roman de l'Académie française, 1926.)
• 1927 - Thérèse Desqueyroux («Thérèse», tr. 1928 / «Thérèse Desqueyroux», tr. 1947 and 2005)
• 1928 - Destins («Destinies», tr. 1929 / «Lines of Life», tr. 1957)
• 1929 - Trois Récits A volume of three stories: Coups de couteau, 1926; Un homme de lettres, 1926; Le Démon de la connaissance, 1928
• 1930 - Ce qui était perdu («Suspicion», tr. 1931 / «That Which Was Lost», tr. 1951)
• 1932 - Le Nœud de vipères («Vipers' Tangle», tr. 1933 / «The Knot of Vipers», tr. 1951)
• 1933 - Le Mystère Frontenac («The Frontenac Mystery», tr. 1951 / «The Frontenacs», tr. 1961)
• 1935 - La Fin de la nuit («The End of the Night», tr. 1947)
• 1936 - Les Anges noirs («The Dark Angels», tr. 1951 / «The Mask of Innocence», tr. 1953)
• 1938 - Plongées A volume of five stories: Thérèse chez le docteur, 1933 («Thérèse and the Doctor», tr. 1947); Thérèse à l'hôtel, 1933 («Thérèse at the Hotel», tr. 1947); Le Rang; Insomnie; Conte de Noël.
• 1939 - Les Chemins de la mer («The Unknown Sea», tr. 1948)
• 1941 - La Pharisienne («A Woman of Pharisees», tr. 1946)
• 1951 - Le Sagouin («The Weakling», tr. 1952 / «The Little Misery», tr. 1952) (A novella)
• 1952 - Galigaï («The Loved and the Unloved», tr. 1953)
• 1954 - L'Agneau («The Lamb», tr. 1955)
• 1969 - Un adolescent d'autrefois («Maltaverne», tr. 1970)
• 1972 - Maltaverne (The unfinished sequel to the previous novel; posthumously published.)

Plays

• 1938 - Asmodée («Asmodée; or, The Intruder», tr. 1939 / «Asmodée: A Drama in Three Acts», tr. 1957)
• 1945 - Les Mal Aimés
• 1948 - Passage du malin
• 1951 - Le Feu sur terre

Footnotes

See also

• Georges Bernanos
• Julien Green

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: François Mauriac

Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: François Mauriac

• Le site littéraire François Mauriac (French)
• The François Mauriac Centre at Malagar (Saint-Maixant, Gironde) (French)
• The Paris Review Interviews, The Art of Fiction No. 2: François Mauriac, Interviewed by Jean le Marchand & John P.C. Train, in The Paris Review, Issue 2, Summer 1953, pp. 1-15. (English)