Frederick Augustus II of Saxony

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Frederick Augustus II
King of Saxony
Reign	6 June 1836 – 9 August 1854
Predecessor	Anthony
Successor	John
Spouse	Marie Caroline of Austria Maria Anna of Bavaria
Full name
German: Friedrich August Albrecht Maria Clemens Joseph Vincenz Aloys Nepomuk Johann Baptista Nikolaus Raphael Peter Xavier Franz de Paula Venantius Felix
House	House of Wettin
Father	Prince Maximilian of Saxony
Mother	Princess Caroline of Parma
Born	18 May 1797(1797-05-18) Pillnitz, Dresden
Died	9 August 1854 (aged 57) Karrösten
Burial	Katholische Hofkirche

Frederick Augustus II (full name: Frederick Augustus Albert Maria Clemens Joseph Vincenz Aloys Nepomuk Johann Baptista Nikolaus Raphael Peter Xavier Franz de Paula Venantius Felix) (German: Friedrich August II.; b. Dresden, 18 May 1797 – d. Brennbüchel, in Karrösten, Tyrol, 9 August 1854) was King of Saxony and a member of the House of Wettin.

He was the eldest son of Maximilian, Prince of Saxony --younger son of the Elector Frederick Christian of Saxony—by his first wife, Caroline of Bourbon, Princess of Parma.

Life

Early years

From his birth, it was clear that one day Frederick Augustus would become King of Saxony. His father was the only son of the Elector Frederick Christian of Saxony who left surviving male issue. When the King Frederick Augustus I died (1827) and Anton succeeded him as King, Frederick Augustus became second in line to the throne, preceded only by his father Maximilian.

He was an officer in the Wars of Liberation. However, he had hardly interest in military affairs.

Co-Regent to the Kingdom

The July Revolution of 1830 in France marked the beginning of disturbances in Saxony that autumn. The people claimed a change in the constitution and demanded a young regent of the kingdom to share the government with the King Anton. On 1 September the Prince Maximilian renounced his rights of succession in favor of his son Frederick Augustus, who was proclaimed Prince Co-Regent (de: Prinz-Mitregenten) of Saxony. On 2 February 1832 Frederick Augustus brought Free Autonomy to the cities. Also, by an edict of 17 March of that year, the farmers were freed from the corvée and hereditary submission.

King of Saxony

On 6 June 1836 the King Anton died and Frederick Augustus succeeded him as King. As an intelligent man, he was quickly popular with the people as he had been since the time of his regency. The new king solved political questions only from a pure sense of duty. Mostly he preferred to leave these things on the hands of his ministers.

A standardized jurisdiction for Saxony created the Criminal Code of 1836. During the Revolutionary disturbances of 1848 (March Revolution), he appointed liberal ministers in the government, lifted censorship, and remitted a liberal electoral law. Later his attitude changed. On 28 April Frederick August II dissolved the Parliament. In 1849, Frederick Augustus was forced to flee to the Königstein Fortress. The May Uprising was crushed by Saxon and Prussian troops and Frederick was able to return after only a few days.

Accidental Death

During a journey in Tyrol, he had an accident in Brennbüchel in which he fell from in front of a horse that stepped on his head. On 8 August 1854, he died in the Gasthof Neuner. He was buried on the 16 August in the Katholische Hofkirche of Dresden. In his memory, the Dowager Queen Maria arranged to establish a King's chapel at the accident place, which was consecrated one year later.

Marriages

In Vienna on 26 September 1819 (by proxy) and again in Dresden on 7 October 1819 (in person), Frederick Augustus married firstly with the Archduchess Maria Caroline of Austria (Maria Karoline Ferdinande Theresia Josephine Demetria), daughter of Emperor Francis I of Austria. They had no children.

In Dresden on 24 April 1833 Frederick Augustus married secondly with the Princess Maria of Bavaria (Maria Anna Leopoldine Elisabeth Wilhelmine), daughter of the King Maximilian I of Bavaria. Like his first marriage, this was childless.

Without issue, after his death Frederick Augustus was succeeded by his younger brother, Johann.

Ancestors

Frederick Augustus II's ancestors in three generations