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Friedrich Christian Rosenthal (June 3, 1780 – December 5, 1829) was a German anatomist who was a native of Greifswald. He studied at the University of Jena, and subsequently practiced medicine in Greifswald (1804) and Berlin (1810). In 1820 he returned to Greifswald as a professor of physiology and anatomy.
During his lifetime, Rosenthal was best-known for his studies of the olfactory system. He is remembered today for two anatomical terms that contain his name:
- Rosenthal's canal, or the spiral canal of the cochlea (canalis spiralis cochleae): A section of the bony labyrinth of the inner ear that is approximately 30 mm long, making 2 3/4 turns about the modiolus. It contains the scala tympani, scala vestibuli and scala media.
- Rosenthal's vein, or the cerebral basal vein (vena basalis): a vein that arises at the anterior perforated substance, passes backward and around the cerebral peduncle, and empties into the vein of Galen.
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