Tony Garnier

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(b Lyon, 13 Aug 1869; d La B?doule, 19 Jan 1948). French architect, urban planner and writer. Regarded as a precursor of the Modern Movement in France, paradoxically he was absent from the debates that enlivened architectural and urban-planning circles between World Wars I and II. He built only c. 15 works, all in the area around Lyon. A winner of the Grand Prix de Rome and recognized by his profession, he was regularly published in architectural reviews. His fame and influence on the Modern Movement in the 1920s and 1930s was due to a theoretical project for a Cit? industrielle, sent from Rome while he was a pensionnaire at the Villa Medici. This project was so rich, as much in its city plan (inspired by the site of Lyon) as architecturally, that it had a profound influence on a whole generation of architects led by Le Corbusier and served as an inexhaustible model for Garnier himself, for almost all his future activities.

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French architect. Born in Lyons, France, he was City Architect there (1905–19) before setting up his own practice. He designed the huge Abattoirs de la Mouche, Lyons (1909–13), with a gigantic toplit open hall constructed of large steel trusses recalling Dutert's Galerie des Machines in Paris (1889). He was also responsible for the stadium (1913–16), the Hôpital Édouard Herriot (1915–20), and the low-cost housing district, États-Unis (1928–35), all in Lyons. He is remembered primarily for his unrealized Cité Industrielle, a design for a model town of 35,000 people, which he mostly conceived while a student in Rome: it was exhibited in 1904, and published in 1918. While the idea for the Cité owed something to English ideas (low density, zoning of function, etc.) and the Utopian notions of Fourier and others, the architecture was to be uncompromisingly non-derivative, most of the structure was to be of reinforced concrete, and the town-planning principles as taught by the École des Beaux-Arts were jettisoned. The Cité Industrielle influenced Le Corbusier and other Modernists. Garnier continued to build monuments, schools, and other buildings until the 1939–45 war, but his chief legacy was in forming C20 ideas about architecture and planning.

Bibliography

• T. Garnier (1920, 1932, 1938, 1951)
• Guiheux et al. (eds.) (1989)
• Hitchcock (1977)
• Jullian (1989)
• Pawlowski (1967)
• Veronesi (1947)
• Wiebenson (1970)

The full bibliography for this book is available to download as a pdf file.
Download the bibliography for A Dictionary of Architecture and Landscape Architecture (PDF: 1.2MB)

Tony Garnier may refer to:

• Tony Garnier (architect)
• Tony Garnier (musician)
• Halle Tony Garnier, French concert hall

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