(b. Aigues Vives, Aug. 1863; d. 18 June 1937) French; President of the Republic 1924 – 31, Prime Minister 1913, 1934 Born in 1863, Doumergue studied law and became a colonial magistrate before being elected to the Chamber of Deputies. A moderate Radical, he enjoyed a reasonally successful career in government before the First World War and then settled comfortably into the role of regime dignitary. His moderation and respect for constitutional proprieties made him an attractive candidate for the presidency when the right-wing incumbent Miller and was forced to resign after the victory of the Socialist-Radical coalition in the 1924 elections. Doumergue was an outstandingly successful President for a political system which expected its head of state to behave like a constitutional monarch and allowed him to exercise surreptitious political influence. Jovial, shrewd, reliable, he appealed to the democratic left and reassured the middle classes. The national popularity he gained as President explains why his successor, Lebrun, invited him to take over the reins of government in the crisis circumstances created by the riots of 6 February 1934. Doumergue formed a government of national unity, which included Marshal Pétain. As Prime Minister, he offered no solution to the economic problems facing France and embarked instead on a programme of constitutional reform designed to strengthen the Executive. In so doing, he ignited the fears of those who regarded any attempt to constrain the powers of parliament as an assault on the principles of Republican democracy. By November 1934 his usefulness to the system parties of the Third Republic was at an end. Broadcasts to the nation, modelled on Roosevelt's fireside chats, allowed the political parties to accuse him of incipient Fascism. His coalition government fell apart and he was compelled to resign.
Gaston Doumergue
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Doumergue, Gaston (gästôN' dūmĕrg'), 1863-1937, president of the French republic (1924-31). He entered national politics in 1893 as a Radical Socialist deputy and served in various cabinets before and during World War I. After serving as president he retired, but when the cabinet of Édouard Daladier fell in Feb., 1934, as a result of the Stavisky Affair, Doumergue was called on to be the "strong man" of France and to restore order. Premier of a coalition cabinet, he asked for extraordinary powers to meet the financial and political crises. These demands caused the fall of his cabinet, which was succeeded (Nov., 1934) by another under P. E. Flandin.
| Wikipedia: Gaston Doumergue |
| Gaston Doumergue | |
 Portrait of Gaston Doumergue by Henri Manuel |
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| In office 9 December 1913 – 9 June 1914 |
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| Preceded by | Louis Barthou |
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| Succeeded by | Alexandre Ribot |
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| In office 13 June 1924 – 13 June 1931 |
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| Preceded by | Alexandre Millerand |
| Succeeded by | Paul Doumer |
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109th Prime Minister of France
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| In office 9 February 1934 – 8 November 1934 |
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| Preceded by | Édouard Daladier |
| Succeeded by | Pierre-Étienne Flandin |
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| Born | 1 August 1863 Aigues-Vives |
| Died | 18 June 1937 (aged 73) Aigues-Vives, France |
| Religion | Protestant |
Pierre-Paul-Henri-Gaston Doumergue (Aigues-Vives, Gard, 1 August 1863 – 18 June 1937 in Aigues-Vives) was a French politician of the Third Republic.
Doumergue came from a Protestant family. Beginning as a Radical, he turned more towards the political right in his old age. He served as Prime Minister from 9 December 1913 to 2 June 1914. He held the portfolio for the colonies through the ministries of Viviani and Briand until the Ribot ministry of March, 1917, when he was sent to Russia to persuade the Kerensky government not to make a separate peace with Germany and Austria. He was elected the twelfth President of France on 13 June 1924, the only Protestant to hold that office. He served until 13 June 1931, and again was Prime Minister in a conservative national unity government, following the riots of 6 February 1934. This government lasted from 6 February to 8 November 1934.
He was widely regarded as one of the most popular French Presidents, particularly after highly controversial Alexandre Millerand, who was his predecessor. Doumergue was single when elected, and became the first President of France to marry in office.[1]
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Doumergue's First Ministry, 9 December 1913 - 9 June 1914
- Gaston Doumergue - President of the Council and Minister of Foreign Affairs
- Joseph Noullens - Minister of War
- René Renoult - Minister of the Interior
- Joseph Caillaux - Minister of Finance
- Albert Métin - Minister of Labour and Social Security Provisions
- Jean-Baptiste Bienvenu-Martin - Minister of Justice
- Ernest Monis - Minister of the Marine
- René Viviani - Minister of Public Instruction and Fine Arts
- Maurice Raynaud - Minister of Agriculture
- Albert Lebrun - Minister of Colonies
- Fernand David - Minister of Public Works
- Louis Malvy - Minister of Commerce, Industry, Posts, and Telegraphs
Changes
- 17 March 1914 - René Renoult succeeds Caillaux as Finance Minister. Louis Malvy succeeds Renoult as Minister of the Interior. Raoul Péret succeeds Malvy as Minister of Commerce, Industry, Posts, and Telegraphs.
- 20 March 1914 - Armand Gauthier de l'Aude succeeds Monis as Minister of Marine.
Doumergue's Second Ministry, 9 February - 8 November 1934
- Gaston Doumergue - President of the Council
- Louis Barthou - Minister of Foreign Affairs
- Philippe Pétain - Minister of War
- Albert Sarraut - Minister of the Interior
- Louis Germain-Martin - Minister of Finance
- Adrien Marquet - Minister of Labour
- Henri Chéron - Minister of Justice
- François Piétri - Minister of Military Marine
- William Bertrand - Minister of Merchant Marine
- Victor Denain - Minister of Air
- Aimé Berthod - Minister of National Education
- Georges Rivollet - Minister of Pensions
- Henri Queuille - Minister of Agriculture
- Pierre Laval - Minister of Colonies
- Pierre Étienne Flandin - Minister of Public Works
- Louis Marin - Minister of Public Health and Physical Education
- André Mallarmé - Minister of Posts, Telegraphs, and Telephones
- Lucien Lamoureux - Minister of Commerce and Industry
- Édouard Herriot - Minister of State
- André Tardieu - Minister of State
Changes
- 13 October 1934 - Pierre Laval succeeds Barthou (assassinated 9 October) as Minister of Foreign Affairs. Paul Marchandeau succeeds Sarraut as Minister of the Interior. Louis Rollin succeeds Laval as Minister of Colonies.
- 15 October 1934 - Henri Lémery succeeds Chéron as Minister of Justice.
See also
- 6 February 1934 crisis
- List of people on the cover of Time Magazine: 1920s - 21 July 1924, 2 Aug. 1926
References
- ^ ELAINE SCIOLINO (3 February 2008). "French Leader and Ex-Model Wed in Quiet Ceremony". New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2008/02/03/world/europe/03sarkozy.html. Retrieved 2008-08-10.
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Mentioned in
- Paul Doumer (French president)
- Louis Barthou (French statesman)
- Alexandre Millerand (French president)
- Stavisky Affair (historical event, France – in finance, politics)
- Presidents of the Republic
- Henri Philippe Pétain (French military leader & statesman)
- Rulers of France since 987 (table)
- Édouard Herriot
- Raymond Poincaré
- Justin de Selves
- Jean Cruppi
- Paul Doumer
- Frédéric François-Marsal
- Stéphen Pichon
