(anatomy) An extrinsic muscle of the tongue, arising from the superior mental spine of the mandible.
Genioglossus
| Sci-Tech Dictionary: genioglossus |
(¦jē·nē·ō¦glä·səs)
| 5min Related Video: Genioglossus |
| Dental Dictionary: genioglossus muscle |
(jē′nē-ōglôs′us)
n
n
An extrinsic tongue muscle that originates from the genial tubercles of the mandible and extends inside the tongue. It aids in tongue extension and prevents respiratory obstruction.
| Medical Dictionary: ge·ni·o·glos·sus muscle |
(jē'nē-ō-glŏs'əs)
n.
n.
Either of a pair of lingual muscles with origin in the mandible, with insertion to the lingual fascia below the mucous membrane and epiglottis, with nerve supply from the hypoglossal nerve, and whose action depresses and protrudes the tongue.
| Wikipedia: Genioglossus |
| Genioglossus | |
|---|---|
 |
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| Extrinsic muscles of the tongue. Left side. | |
| Latin | musculus genioglossus |
| Gray's | subject #242 1129 |
| Origin | Superior part of mental spine of mandible (symphysis menti) |
| Insertion | Dorsum of tongue and body of hyoid |
| Artery | Lingual artery |
| Nerve | Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) |
| Actions | Complex - Inferior fibers protrude the tongue, middle fibers depress the tongue, and its superior fibers draw the tip back and down |
The genioglossus is a muscle of the human body which runs from the chin to the tongue. The genioglossus is the major muscle responsible for protruding (or sticking out) the tongue.
Contents |
Structure
Genioglossus is the fan-shaped extrinsic tongue muscle that forms the majority of the body of the tongue. Its origin is the mental spine of the mandible and its insertions are the hyoid bone and the dorsum of the tongue. Innervated by the hypoglossal nerve (CN XII), it depresses and protrudes the tongue.
Clinical relevance
Contraction of the genioglossus stabilizes and enlarges the portion of the upper airway that is most vulnerable to collapse. A relaxation of the genioglossus and geniohyoideus muscles, especially during REM sleep, is implicated in Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA.)[1]
Peripheral damage to the hypoglossal nerve can result in deviation of the tongue to the damaged side.
Etymology
The name derives from Greek roots: "Geneion" for chin, and "glossa" for tongue.
Additional images
 Mandible. Inner surface. Side view. |
 The internal carotid and vertebral arteries. Right side. |
 Hypoglossal nerve, cervical plexus, and their branches. |
References
- ^ Herder et al. (2004) "Risks of general anaesthesia in people with obstructive sleep apnoea" British Medical Journal 329 (7472):955-959
External links
- LUC geng
- SUNY Figs 34:02-01
- -227868593 at GPnotebook
- Genioglossus+muscle at eMedicine Dictionary
- Roche Lexicon - illustrated navigator, at Elsevier 25420.000-1
- Frontal section
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 | interpretation, radiographic, genial tubercles |
| superior genial tubercle |
| tongue |
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| Dental Dictionary. Mosby's Dental Dictionary. Copyright © 2004 by Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved. Read more |
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