genioglossus
(anatomy) An extrinsic muscle of the tongue, arising from the superior mental spine of the mandible.
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(anatomy) An extrinsic muscle of the tongue, arising from the superior mental spine of the mandible.
An extrinsic tongue muscle that originates from the genial tubercles of the mandible and extends inside the tongue. It aids in tongue extension and prevents respiratory obstruction.
Either of a pair of lingual muscles with origin in the mandible, with insertion to the lingual fascia below the mucous membrane and epiglottis, with nerve supply from the hypoglossal nerve, and whose action depresses and protrudes the tongue.
| Genioglossus | ||
|---|---|---|
| Extrinsic muscles of the tongue. Left side. | ||
| Latin | musculus genioglossus | |
| Gray's | subject #242 1129 | |
| Origin: | Superior part of mental spine of mandible (symphysis menti) | |
| Insertion: | Dorsum of tongue and body of hyoid | |
| Artery: | Lingual artery | |
| Nerve: | Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) | |
| Action: | Complex - Inferior fibers protrude the tongue, middle fibers depress the tongue, and its superior fibers draw the tip back and down | |
| Dorlands/Elsevier | m_22/12549183 | |
The genioglossus is a muscle of the human body which runs from the chin to the tongue.
Genioglossus is the fan-shaped extrinsic tongue muscle that forms the majority of the body of the tongue. Its origin is the mental spine of the mandible and its insertions are the hyoid bone and the dorsum of the tongue. Innervated by the hypoglossal nerve (CN XII), it depresses and protrudes the tongue.
A relaxation of the genioglossus and geniohyoideus muscles, especially during REM sleep, is implicated in Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA.)[1]
Peripheral damage to the hypoglossal nerve can result in deviation of the tongue to the damaged side.
The name derives from Greek roots: "Geneion" for chin, and "glossa" for tongue.
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Mandible. Inner surface. Side view. |
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