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Political Biography:

Georges Augustin Bidault

(b. Moulins, 5 Oct. 1899; d. 26 Jan. 1983) French; Prime Minister 1946, 1949 – 50, Foreign Minister 1945 – 6, 1947 – 8, 1953 – 4 Lycée history teacher, editor of the Christian Democratic daily paper L'Aube from 1936 to 1939, against Franco, and an opponent of the Munich agreement, Bidault was taken prisoner and on his liberation started Resistance activities in the Lyons region. In 1943 he became president of the Conseil National de la Résistance, which had been formed to co-ordinate the activities of different groups and movements and organized its commitment to de Gaulle. Although in August 1945 Bidault was in the Paris insurrection and met de Gaulle at the Hôtel de Ville and was at de Gaulle's side for the famous victory march down the Champs Elysée, he was never an unconditional Gaullist. Bidault was a founder and leader of the centrist Mouvement Républicain Populaire (of which he was president). Bidault became Foreign Minister in the provisional government and held that position from 1944 to 1948 and again from 1953 to 1954 — he was almost constantly in power. Bidault at the Quay was at first to express a strong anti-German feeling (against German reconstruction), supported the continuation of the French Empire, and was far from being strongly European (and in this was somewhat out of line with the urgent Europeanism of his MRP associates). Bidault was also strongly Atlanticist and flung France's weight behind the Western camp and into the Cold War in 1947. Bidault and the UK's Ernest Bevin joined in initiatives to consolidate the West European response to the Marshall Plan (such as the OEEC and NATO) and to parry the Soviet threat to the West: he was one of the founding fathers of European-American co-operation and when he returned as Prime Minister in October 1949 he was instrumental in promoting the Schuman plan for a Coal and Steel Community. Foreign Minister again in the Mayer and Laniel governments (1953 – 4), he had less success and, an imperialist, attempted to prevent the rising tide of nationalism in the colonies (ousting the Sultan of Morocco) and to bring America onto the French side in the Indochina War. The Laniel government fell over the military defeat of Dien Bien Phu. Bidault supported de Gaulle's return to power in 1958 and campaigned for a "Yes" vote in the September referendum but he had close Algerian connections and with de Gaulle's September 1959 speech on Algerian "self-determination" he went into opposition. This opposition quickly took an insurrectionary turn. He organized a new "Resistance Council" and then supported the 1962 Generals' putsch and the terrorist Organisation de l'Armée Secrète. Bidault was forced to flee, first to Spain and then to Brazil in a flight which was desperate and despairing (he never believed the "French Algeria" cause could prevail). He returned to France after the amnesty of June 1968. He was the author of a number of books of politics and autobiography but he has yet to be the subject of a solid biography.

 
 
Britannica Concise Encyclopedia: Georges-Augustin Bidault

(born Oct. 5, 1899, Moulins, France — died Jan. 27, 1983, Cambo-les-Bains, near Bayonne) French statesman and Resistance leader in World War II. After being imprisoned in Germany (1940), he returned to France (1941) and worked with the National Council of Resistance, which he headed in 1943. He helped found the Popular Republican Movement (1944) and supported Charles de Gaulle's wartime government. After the war he briefly served twice as prime minister and three times as minister of foreign affairs. In 1958 he broke with de Gaulle and opposed Algerian independence. He advocated terrorism to prevent independence, went underground, and was forced into exile (1962 – 68).

For more information on Georges-Augustin Bidault, visit Britannica.com.

 
Columbia Encyclopedia: Bidault, Georges
(zhôrzh bēdō') , 1899–1983, French political leader. An influential columnist (1932–39), he was imprisoned (1940–41) in World War II and then joined the French underground, becoming its leader. A founder of the Mouvement Républicain Populaire (MRP), one of France's leading postwar parties, he was president of the provisional government (1946), premier (1949–50), and several times foreign minister. Although a strong supporter of Charles de Gaulle in 1958, Bidault opposed the Gaullist policy of Algerian independence and broke with the MRP. In 1962, announcing that he was going underground, he formed the National Council of Resistance within the terrorist Secret Army Organization (OAS); the French government accused Bidault of having become head of the OAS. In exile from 1962, Bidault lived in Brazil and then in Belgium before returning (1968) to France.

Bibliography

See his autobiography (tr. 1967).

 
Quotes By: George Bidault

Quotes:

"The weak have one weapon: the errors of those who think they are strong."

 
Wikipedia: Georges Bidault
Georges Bidault
Georges Bidault
In office
June 24, 1946 – November 28, 1946
Preceded by Felix Gouin
Succeeded by Léon Blum
followed by Vincent Auriol (interim)
In office
October 28, 1949 – July 2, 1950
Preceded by Henri Queuille
Succeeded by Henri Queuille
Born October 5, 1899
Moulins, France
Died January 27, 1983
Cambo-les-Bains, France
Nationality French
Political party MRP
Religion Roman Catholic

Georges-Augustin Bidault (October 5, 1899 – January 27, 1983) was a French politician and active in the French Resistance and Organisation armée secrète (OAS).

Biography

Bidault was born in Moulins, Auvergne.

He studied in the Sorbonne and became a college history teacher. In 1932 he helped to found the Catholic Association of French Youth and the left-wing anti-fascist newspaper l'Aube. He had a column in the paper and, among other things, protested against the Munich Agreement in 1938.

After the outbreak of the Second World War he joined the French army and was captured during the Fall of France and was briefly imprisoned. After his release in July 1941, he became a teacher at the Lycée du Parc in Lyon and joined the Liberté group of French Resistance that eventually merged with Combat. Jean Moulin recruited him to organize an underground press and the Combat underground newspaper.

In his work in the resistance, he was help by his private administrative assistant Laure Diebold.

Bidault participated in the forming of the Conseil National de la Résistance and after Gestapo captured Moulin, he became its new chairman. In 1944 he formed a Resistance Charter that recommended an extensive post-war reform program. After the liberation of Paris he represented the Resistance in the victory parade. Charles de Gaulle appointed him as a foreign minister of his provisional government in August 25. He became the founder of the Mouvement Républicain Populaire (MRP).

After the war Bidault served as a foreign minister in Félix Gouin's provisional government in 1946. In June 19 1946 National Constituent Assembly elected him to the president of the provisional government (de facto prime minister). His government composed of socialists, communists and Bidault's own MRP, was formed in June 15 and he yet again became the foreign minister. They conducted elections of the National Assembly in November 29 after which Bidault resigned. His successor was Léon Blum.

Bidault served as in various post-WW2 French governments, first as a foreign minister under Paul Ramadier and Robert Schuman. In 1949 he became the president of the Council of Ministers (again, effectively a prime minister) but his cabinet lasted only 8 months. In Henri Queuille's governments in 1950-1951 he held the office of Vice-president of the Council and under Rene Pleven and Edgar Faure added a post of defense minister.

In 1952 Bidault became a honorary president of MRP. In June 1 1953 president Vincent Auriol assigned him to form his own government but National Assembly refuse to give him the official mandate at June 10. In 1953 Bidault became a presidential candidate but withdrew after the second round.

In April 1958 Bidault again became a prime minister but did not form a cabinet and had a hand in forming the conservative Christian Democratic Movement. He also supported De Gaulle's presidency after the outbreak of the Algerian War of Independence.

In 1961 Bidault became a president of the Executive Council of the Rally for the French Algeria and resisted De Gaulle's policy of Algerian independence. He established his own National Resistance Council within the OAS. In June 1962 he was accused of conspiring against the state as the head of OAS and stripped of his parliamentary immunity. He left for an exile in Brazil. In 1967 he moved to Belgium and in 1968 he returned to France after he had received an amnesty.

Georges Bidault died in 1983 in Cambo-les-Bains.

Bidault's First Ministry, 24 June - 16 December 1946

  • Georges Bidault - Chairman of the Provisional Government and Minister of Foreign Affairs
  • Maurice Thorez - Vice Chairman of the Provisional Government
  • Félix Gouin - Vice Chairman of the Provisional Government and Minister of National Defense
  • Charles Tillon - Minister of Armaments
  • Édouard Depreux - Minister of the Interior
  • Robert Schuman - Minister of Finance
  • François de Menthon - Minister of National Economy
  • Marcel Paul - Minister of Industrial Production
  • Ambroise Croizat - Minister of Labour and Social Security
  • Pierre-Henri Teitgen - Minister of Justice
  • Marcel Edmond Naegelen - Minister of National Education
  • François Tanguy-Prigent - Minister of Ariculture
  • Yves Farge - Minister of Supply
  • Marius Moutet - Minister of Overseas France
  • Jules Moch - Minister of Public Works and Transport
  • Robert Prigent - Minister of Population
  • François Billoux - Minister of Reconstruction and Town Planning
  • Jean Letourneau - Minister of Posts
  • Alexandre Varenne - Minister of State
  • Francisque Gay - Minister of State

Bidault's Second Government, 28 October 1949 - 7 February 1950

  • Georges Bidault - President of the Council
  • Jules Moch - Vice President of the Council and Minister of the Interior
  • Henri Queuille - Vice President of the Council
  • Robert Schuman - Minister of Foreign Affairs
  • René Pleven - Minister of National Defense
  • Maurice Petsche - Minister of Finance and Economic Affairs
  • Robert Lacoste - Minister of Commerce and Industry
  • Pierre Segelle - Minister of Labour and Social Security
  • René Mayer - Minister of Justice
  • Yvon Delbos - Minister of National Education
  • Louis Jacquinot - Minister of Veterans and War Victims
  • Pierre Pflimlin - Minister of Agriculture
  • Jean Letourneau - Minister of Overseas France
  • Christian Pineau - Minister of Public Works, Transport, and Tourism
  • Pierre Schneiter - Minister of Public Health and Population
  • Eugène Claudius-Petit - Minister of Reconstruction and Town Planning
  • Eugène Thomas - Minister of Posts
  • Pierre-Henri Teitgen - Minister of State

Changes

  • 2 December 1949 - Gabriel Valay succeeds Pflimlin as Minister of Agriculture

Bidault's Third Ministry, 7 February - 2 July 1950

  • Georges Bidault - President of the Council
  • Henri Queuille - Vice President of the Council and Minister of the Interior
  • Robert Schuman - Minister of Foreign Affairs
  • René Pleven - Minister of National Defense
  • Maurice Petsche - Minister of Finance and Economics Affairs
  • Jean-Marie Louvel - Minister of Commerce and Industry
  • Paul Bacon - Minister of Labour and Social Security
  • René Mayer - Minister of Justice
  • Yvon Delbos - Minister of National Education
  • Louis Jacquinot - Minister of Veterans and War Victims
  • Gabriel Valay - Minister of Agriculture
  • Jean Letourneau - Minister of Overseas France
  • Jacques Chastellain - Minister of Public Works, Transport, and Tourism
  • Pierre Schneiter - Minister of Public Health and Population
  • Eugène Claudius-Petit - Minister of Reconstruction and Town Planning
  • Charles Brune - Minister of Posts
  • Pierre-Henri Teitgen - Minister of State

Quotes

  • "Ho Chi Minh is about to capitulate. We are going to beat him."


Preceded by
Pierre Laval		 Minister of Foreign Affairs
1944–1946		 Succeeded by
Léon Blum
Preceded by
Félix Gouin		 Chairman of the Provisional Government
1946		 Succeeded by
Léon Blum
Preceded by
Félix Gouin and Ramon Iglesias i Navarri		 Co-Prince of Andorra
1946-1947
with Ramon Iglesias i Navarri		 Succeeded by
Vincent Auriol and Ramon Iglesias i Navarri
Preceded by
Léon Blum		 Minister of Foreign Affairs
1947–1948		 Succeeded by
Robert Schuman
Preceded by
Henri Queuille		 President of the Council
1949–1950		 Succeeded by
Henri Queuille
Preceded by
Henri Queuille		 Vice President of the Council
1950		 Succeeded by
—
Preceded by
—		 Vice President of the Council
1951–1952		 Succeeded by
—
Preceded by
Jules Moch		 Minister of National Defense
1951–1952		 Succeeded by
René Pleven
Preceded by
Robert Schuman		 Minister of Foreign Affairs
1953–1954		 Succeeded by
Pierre Mendès-France
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Copyrights:

Political Biography. A Dictionary of Political Biography. Copyright © 1998, 2003 by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved.  Read more
Britannica Concise Encyclopedia. Britannica Concise Encyclopedia. © 2006 Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. All rights reserved.  Read more
Columbia Encyclopedia. The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition Copyright © 2003, Columbia University Press. Licensed from Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. www.cc.columbia.edu/cu/cup/  Read more
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Wikipedia. This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Georges Bidault".  Read more

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