Georges Perec (7 March 1936, Paris – 3 March 1982) was a French novelist, filmmaker and essayist. He was a member of the Oulipo group.
Life
Perec was born the only son of Icek Judko and Cyrla (Schulewicz) Peretz – Polish Jews who had emigrated to France in the 1920s – in a working-class district of Paris. He was a distant relative of the Yiddish writer I.L. Peretz. Perec's father, who enlisted in the French Army during World War II, died in 1940 from unattended gunfire or shrapnel wounds, and Perec's mother perished in the Nazi Holocaust, probably in Auschwitz. Perec was taken into the care of his paternal aunt and uncle in 1942, and in 1945 he was formally adopted by them.
He started writing reviews and essays for La Nouvelle Revue Française and Les Lettres Nouvelles, prominent literary publications, while studying history and sociology at the Sorbonne. In 1958–59 Perec served in the army, and married Paulette Petras after being discharged. They spent one year (1960–1961) in Sfax (Tunisia), where Paulette worked as a teacher.
In 1961, Perec began working at the Neurophysiological Research Laboratory attached to the Hôpital Saint-Antoine as an archivist, a low-paid position which he retained until 1978. A few reviewers have noted that the daily handling of records and varied data may have had an influence on his literary style. Perec's other major influence was the Oulipo, which he joined in 1967, meeting Raymond Queneau, among others. Perec dedicated his masterpiece, La Vie mode d'emploi (Life: A User's Manual) to Queneau, who died before it was published.
Perec began working on a series of radio plays with his translator Eugen Helmle and the musician Philippe Drogoz in the late 60s; less than a decade later, he was making films. His first work, based on his novel Un Homme qui dort, was co-directed by Bernard Queysanne, and won him the Prix Jean Vigo in 1974. Perec also created crossword puzzles for Le Point from 1976 on.
La Vie mode d'emploi (1978) brought Perec some financial and critical success – it won the Prix Médicis – and allowed him to turn to writing full-time. He was a writer in residence at the University of Queensland, Australia in 1981, during which time he worked on the unfinished 53 Jours ("53 Days"). Shortly after his return from Australia, his health deteriorated. A heavy smoker, he was diagnosed with lung cancer. He died the following year, only forty-five years old.
Work
Many of his novels and essays abound with experimental wordplay, lists and attempts at classification, and they are usually tinged with melancholy.
Perec's first novel, Les Choses (Things: A Story of the Sixties) was awarded the Prix Renaudot in 1965.
In 1978, Perec won the prix Médicis for Life: A User's Manual (French title, La Vie mode d'emploi), possibly his best-known work. The 99 chapters of this 600 page piece move like a knight's tour of a chessboard around the room plan of a Paris apartment building, describing the rooms and stairwell and telling the stories of the inhabitants.
Cantatrix Sopranica L. is a spoof scientific paper detailing experiments on the "yelling reaction" provoked in sopranos by pelting them with rotten tomatoes. All the references in the paper are multi-lingual puns and jokes, e.g. "(Karybb et Scyla, 1973)".
Perec is also noted for his constrained writing: his 300-page novel La disparition (1969) is a lipogram, written without ever using the letter "e". It has been translated into English by Gilbert Adair under the title A Void (1994). The silent disappearance of the letter might be considered a metaphor for the Jewish experience during the Second World War. Since the name 'Georges Perec' is full of 'e's, the disappearance of the letter also ensures the author's own 'disappearance'.
His novella Les revenentes (1972) is a complementary univocalic piece in which the letter "e" is the only vowel used. This constraint affects even the title, which would conventionally be spelt Revenantes. An English translation by Ian Monk was published in 1996 as The Exeter Text: Jewels, Secrets, Sex in the collection Three.
It has been remarked by Jacques Roubaud that these two novels draw words from two disjoint sets of the French language, and that a third novel would be possible, made from the words not used so far (those containing both "e" and a vowel other than "e").
W ou le souvenir d'enfance, (W, or, the Memory of Childhood, 1975) is a semi-autobiographical work which is hard to classify. Two alternating narratives make up the volume: one, a fictional outline of a totalitarian island country called "W", patterned partly on life in a concentration camp; and the second, descriptions of childhood. Both merge towards the end when the common theme of the Holocaust is explained.
David Bellos wrote an extensive biography of Perec: Georges Perec: A Life in Words, which won the Académie Goncourt's bourse for biography in 1994.
Association Georges Perec
The Association Georges Perec has extensive archives on the author in Paris.
Bibliography
The most complete bibliography of Perec's works is Bernard Magné's Tentative d'inventaire pas trop approximatif des écrits de Georges Perec (Toulouse, Presses Universitaires du Mirail, 1993).
Works by Perec
| Year |
Original French |
English Translation |
| 1965 |
Les Choses: Une histoire des années soixante (Paris: René Juillard, 1965) |
Les choses: a story of the sixties, trans. by Helen R. Lane (New York: Grove Press, 1967); 'Things: A Story of the Sixties' in Things: A Story of the Sixties & A Man Asleep trans. by David Bellos and Andrew Leak (London: Vintage, 1999) |
| 1966 |
Quel petit vélo à guidon chromé au fond de la cour? (Paris: Denoël, 1966) |
'Which Moped with Chrome-plated Handlebars at the Back of the Yard?', trans. by Ian Monk in Three by Perec (Harvill Press, 1996) |
| 1967 |
Un homme qui dort (Paris: Denoël, 1967) |
'A Man Asleep', trans. by Andrew Leak in Things: A Story of the Sixties & A Man Asleep (London: Vintage, 1999) |
| 1969 |
La Disparition (Paris: Denoël, 1969) |
A Void, trans. by Gilbert Adair (London: Harvill, 1994) |
| 1969 |
Petit traité invitant à la découverte de l'art subtil du go, with Pierre Lusson and Jacques Roubaud (Paris: Christian Bourgois, 1969) |
— |
| 1972 |
Les Revenentes, (Paris: Editions Julliard, 1972) |
'The Exeter Text: Jewels, Secrets, Sex', trans. by Ian Monk in Three by Perec (Harvill Press, 1996) |
| 1972 |
Die Maschine, (Stuttgart: Reclam, 1972) |
— |
| 1973 |
La Boutique obscure: 124 rêves, (Paris: Denoël, 1973) |
— |
| 1974 |
Espèces d'espaces (Paris: Galilée 1974) |
Species of Spaces and Other Pieces, ed. and trans. by John Sturrock (London: Penguin, 1997) |
| 1974 |
Ulcérations, (Bibliothèque oulipienne, 1974) |
— |
| 1975 |
W ou le souvenir d'enfance (Paris: Denoël, 1975) |
W, or the Memory of Childhood, trans. by David Bellos (London: Harvill, 1988) |
| 1975 |
Tentative d'épuisement d'un lieu parisien (Paris: Christian Bourgois, 1975) |
— |
| 1976 |
Alphabets illust. by Dado (Paris: Galilée, 1976) |
— |
| 1978 |
Je me souviens, (Paris: Hachette, 1978) |
Memories, trans./adapted by Gilbert Adair (in Myths and Memories London: Harper Collins, 1986) |
— |
| 1978 |
La Vie mode d'emploi (Paris: Hachette, 1978) |
Life: A User's Manual, trans. by David Bellos (London: Vintage, 2003) |
| 1979 |
Les mots croisés, (Mazarine, 1979) |
— |
| 1979 |
Un cabinet d'amateur, (Balland, 1979) |
'A Gallery Portrait', trans. by Ian Monk in Three by Perec (Harvill Press, 1996) |
| 1979 |
film-script: Alftred et Marie, 1979 |
— |
| 1980 |
La Clôture et autres poèmes, (Paris: Hachette, 1980) |
— |
| 1980 |
Récits d'Ellis Island: Histoires d'errance et d'espoir, (INA/Éditions du Sorbier, 1980) |
Ellis Island and the People of America (with Robert Bober), trans. by Harry Mathews (New York: New Press, 1995) |
| 1981 |
Théâtre I, (Paris: Hachette, 1981) |
— |
| 1982 |
Epithalames, (Bibliothèque oulipienne, 1982) |
— |
| 1982 |
prod: Catherine Binet's Les Jeux de la Comtesse Dolingen de Gratz, 1980-82 |
— |
| 1985 |
Penser Classer (Paris: Hachette, 1985) |
— |
| 1986 |
Les mots croisés II, (P.O.L.-Mazarine, 1986) |
— |
| 1989 |
53 Jours, unfinished novel ed. by Harry Mathews and Jacques Roubaud (Pari: P.O.L., 1989) |
"53 Days", trans. by David Bellos (London: Harvill, 1992) |
| 1989 |
L'infra-ordinaire (Paris: Seuil, 1989) |
— |
| 1989 |
Voeux, (Paris: Seuil, 1989) |
— |
| 1990 |
Je suis né, (Paris: Seuil, 1990) |
— |
| 1991 |
Cantatrix sopranica L. et aitres écrits scientifiques, (Paris: Seuil, 1991) |
— |
| 1992 |
L.G.: Une aventure des années soixante, (Paris: Seuil, 1992)
Containing pieces written from 1959-1963 for the journal La Ligne générale: Le Nouveau Roman et le refus du réel; Pour une littérature réaliste; Engagement ou crise du langage; Robert Antelme ou la vérité de la littérature; L'univers de la science-fiction; La perpétuelle reconquête; Wozzeck ou la méthode de l'apocalypse.
|
— |
| 1993 |
Le Voyage d'hiver, 1993 (Paris: Seuil, 1993) |
The Winter Journey, trans. by John Sturrock (London: Syrens, 1995) |
| 1994 |
Beaux présents belles absentes, (Paris: Seuil, 1994) |
— |
| 1999 |
Jeux intéressants (Zulma, 1999) |
— |
| 1999 |
Nouveaux jeux intéressants (Zulma, 1999) |
— |
| 2003 |
Entretiens et conférences (in 2 volumes, Joseph K., 2003) |
— |
Film
- A Man Asleep - (film in 1973, with Bernard Queysanne)
- Les Lieux d'une fugue, 1975
- Ellis Island (TV film with Robert Bober)
Works on Perec
Biography
- Georges Perec: A Life in Words by David Bellos (1993)
Criticism
- The Poetics of Experiment: A Study of the Work of Georges Perec by Warren Motte (1984)
- Perec ou les textes croisés by J. Pedersen (1985). In French.
- Pour un Perec lettré, chiffré by J-M. Raynaud (1987). In French.
- Georges Perec by Claude Burgelin (1988). In French.
- Georges Perec: Traces of His Passage by Paul Schwartz (1988)
- Perecollages 1981-1988 by Bernard Magné (1989). In French.
- La Mémoire et l'oblique by Philippe Lejeune (1991). In French.
- Georges Perec: Ecrire Pour Ne Pas Dire by Stella Béhar (1995). In French.
- Poétique de Georges Perec: <<...une trace, une marque ou quelques signes>> by Jacques-Denis Bertharion (1998) In French.
- Georges Perec Et I'Histoire, ed. by Carsten Sestoft & Steen Bille Jorgensen (2000). In French.
- La Grande Catena. Studi su "La Vie mode d'emploi" by Rinaldo Rinaldi (2004). In Italian.
"Manual for a Sad Life (Georges Perec)", 'Paths to Contemporary French Literature', volume 1, by John Taylor, New Brunswick, New Jersey: Transaction Publishers, 2004, pp. 175-181.
External links
