(977 – 1186) Turkish dynasty that ruled in
Khorasan (northeastern Iran), Afghanistan, and northern India. It was founded by Sebüktigin (r. 977 – 997), a former slave. His son
Mahmud (998 – 1030) enlarged the empire to its greatest extent; during his reign,
Ferdowsi wrote the epic
Shah-nameh ("Book of Kings"). Ma
hm
ud's grandson Mas'
ud I (1031 – 41) lost the western half of the empire to the
Seljuq dynasty. The Ghaznavids continued to rule their eastern provinces until they were defeated by the Gh
urid dynasty in 1186. They are noted for their architecture and for their patronage of the arts and sciences.
See also al-
Biruni.
For more information on Ghaznavid dynasty, visit Britannica.com.