Contents: IntroductionPoem Text Poem Summary Themes Style Critical Overview Criticism For Further Reading |
Sources
Ames, Russell, The Story of the American Folk Song, Grosset Dunlap, 1955.
Boyer, Horace Clarence, “The Negro Spiritual,” in The American Experience: Jubilee Singers: Sacrifice and Glory, PBS Online.
Bradford, Sarah, The Moses of Her People, Peter Smith, 1981.
Cone, James H., The Spirituals and the Blues, Orbis Books, 1991.
Conrad, Earl, General Harriet Tubman, Associated Publishers, 1943.
Epstein, Dena J., Sinful Tunes and Spirituals: Black Folk Music to the Civil War, University of Illinois Press, 1977.
Fisher, Miles Mark, Negro Slave Songs in the United States, Russell and Russell, 1968.
Johnson, Charles, Patricia Smith and the WGBH Series Research Team, Africans in America, Harcourt Brace, 1998.
Johnson, James Weldon and J. Rosamund Johnson, The Books of American Negro Spirituals, DaCapo Press, 1969.
Jones, LeRoi [Amiri Baraka], Blues People, Morrow Quill Paperbacks, 1963.
Katz, Bernard, The Social Implications of Early Negro Music in the United States, Arno Press, 1969.
Locke, Alain, Ph.D., The Negro and His Music, Kennikat Press, 1936.
Lovell, John Jr., Black Song: The Forge and the Flame, Macmillan, 1972.
_______, “The Social Implications of the Negro Spiritual,” in The Social Implications of Early Negro Music in the United States, Arno Press, 1969, pp. 128 – 37.
Roach, Hildred, Black American Music: Past and Present, 2d edition, Krieger Publishing, 1992.
Silber, Irwin, Songs of the Civil War, Columbia Press, 1960.
Simms, David McD., “The Negro Spiritual: Origins and Themes,” in The Journal of Negro Education, Winter, 1996, pp. 35 – 41.
Southern, Eileen, The Music of Black Americans, 2d edition., W. W. Norton, 1983.
Work, John Wesley, American Negro Songs and Spirituals, Crown Publishers, 1940.
