Government Junta of Chile

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Government Junta of Chile (September 11, 1973 - March 11, 1990) (Spanish: Junta Militar de Gobierno) was the political structure established to rule Chile following the overthrow of President Salvador Allende in the Chilean coup of 1973. It was the executive and legislative branch of government until December 17, 1974. After that date, it functioned strictly as a legislative body until the return to democracy on March 11, 1990.

Creation

On September 11, 1973, the day of the coup, the military officers issued an Act of Constitution. The act established a military government that suspended Congress, imposed strict censorship and curfew, proscribed the leftist parties that had constituted Allende's Popular Unity coalition, and halted all political activity.

The new junta was made up of General Gustavo Leigh representing the Air Force, General Augusto Pinochet representing the Army, Admiral José Toribio Merino representing the Navy, and General César Mendoza representing the Carabineros (uniformed police).

Members

History

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Once the Junta was in power, General Pinochet soon consolidated his control. Since he was the commander-in-chief of the oldest branch of the military forces (the Army), he was made the head of the victorious junta. This position was originally to be rotated among the four branches, but was later made permanent. He began by retaining sole chairmanship of the junta as Supreme Chief of the Nation from June 27, 1974 until December 17, 1974 when he was proclaimed President.

When General Pinochet took over as President, following a national plesbicite that approved a the new constitution. On March 11, 1981, he resigned his position in the Junta, and was replaced by the most senior General officer from the Army, who was nominated by himself. After that date, the Junta remained only as a legislative body under the presidency of Admiral Merino, until the return to democracy in 1990.

Eventually, General Leigh, head of the Air Force, became increasingly opposed to Pinochet's policies and was forced into retirement on July 24, 1978, in a very tense moment that almost caused a military insurrection. He was replaced by General Fernando Matthei.

In 1985, three communists were found with their throats slit by the side of a road. The government launched an investigation and found that the guilty party turned out to be the Carabineros' secret service. That caused General Mendoza's resignation on August 2, 1985, being replaced by General Rodolfo Stange.

Human rights record

Immediately after the coup the junta moved to crush the armed revolutionary groups. As a result, according to the Rettig Commission, 2,279 people were killed. The Valech Report (published in November 2004) tells of some 28,000 arrests in which the majority of those detained were tortured. Many were exiled and received abroad, in particular in Argentina, as political refugees.

See also

• Chilean coup of 1973
• Chile under Pinochet
• Military dictatorship
• List of Government Juntas of Chile

Notes