Gravesend, Brooklyn

New Netherland series
Colonies:
New Amsterdam New Haarlem Noortwyck Beverwyck Wiltwyck Vlissingen Middelburgh Heemstede Rustdorp	Gravesende Breuckelen New Amersfoort Midwout New Utrecht Boswyck Swaanendael New Amstel Altena
Fortresses:
Fort Amsterdam Fort Nassau (North) Fort Orange Fort Nassau (South) Fort Goede Hoop	Fort Casimir Fort Altena Fort Wilhelmus Fort Beversreede Fort Nya Korsholm
The Patroon System Rensselaerwyck Colen Donck (Yonkers, New York)
Directors-General of New Netherland: Cornelius Jacobsen Mey (1620-1625) Willem Verhulst (1625-26) Peter Minuit (1626-33) Wouter van Twiller (1633-38) Willem Kieft (1638-47) Peter Stuyvesant (1647-64)
Influential people Adriaen van der Donck Kiliaen van Rensselaer Brant van Slichtenhorst Cornelis van Tienhoven
Councils Council of twelve men Council of eight men

Gravesend (pronounced "GRAVES end", not "grave SEND") is a neighborhood in the New York City borough of Brooklyn, USA. It is bordered by Bensonhurst, Sheepshead Bay, and Coney Island. It was named after the English seaport of Gravesend, Kent.^[1] However, many speculate that the namesake of Gravesend comes from many roads that intersect the Washington Cemetery located in the area, between 65th Street, Bay Parkway and Ocean Parkway.^{[citation needed]} Shoreline parks include Drier Offerman Park.

The current community of Gravesend is centered on the former village square centered at the intersection of [Gravesend] Neck Road and McDonald Avenue (formerly Gravesend Avenue). The center of the square is dominated and served by the Avenue U station of the IND Culver Line of the New York City Subway system.

Afternoon by the Sea (Gravesend Bay), a pastel by William Merritt Chase, ca 1888 shows traditional catboats in the bay and the Navesink Highlands across Lower New York Bay.

History

Gravesend was one of the original towns in the Dutch colony of New Netherland and became one of the six original towns of Kings County in colonial New York. It was the only English chartered town in what became Kings County and was designated the "Shire Town" when the English assumed control, as it was the only one where records could be kept in English. Courts were removed to Flatbush in 1685. The former name survives, and is now associated with a neighborhood in Brooklyn. Gravesend is notable for being founded by a woman, Lady Deborah Moody; a patent was granted to the English settlers by Governor Willem Kieft, December 19, 1645.

Gravesend Town encompassed 7,000 acres (28 km²) in southern Kings County, including the entire island of Coney Island, which was originally the town's common lands on the Atlantic Ocean, divided up, as was the town itself, into 41 parcels for the original patentees. When the town was first laid out, almost half were salt marsh wetlands and sandhill dunes along the shore of Gravesend Bay. An independent town up until the late nineteenth century, Gravesend was annexed to Brooklyn on May 4, 1894 as its 31st Ward.

Willie Turks, a subway car maintenance worker, was fatally beaten by a white mob in Gravesend on the night of June 22, 1982. Turks and two other black New York City Transit Authority workers were accosted by three white youths after stopping at a bagel shop on their way home from work. When they tried to drive away, their car stalled and the driver was struck with a beer bottle. Turks was pulled out of the car and dragged across the street, where he was fatally beaten. Both of his companions were injured, one seriously, before managing to break away from the crowd, which had grown to 15 to 20 youths.^[2]

Gravesend Race Track

Main article: Gravesend Race Track

In 1886, the Dwyer Brothers formed the Brooklyn Jockey Club and rebuilt the horse racing track at the Prospect Park fairgrounds. Opened in 1887, they called their new facilty Gravesend Race Track. Among the major graded stakes races launched at the track were the Brooklyn Handicap, Brooklyn Derby, Tremont Stakes, and the Gazelle Handicap. The facility closed in 1910 and the land was eventually sold to real estate developers.