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Green Bay is located at the mouth of the Fox River, one of the largest northward-flowing rivers in the United States, which empties into the south end of Lake Michigan's Green Bay. The surrounding topography—the bay, Lakes Michigan and Superior, and to a lesser extent the slightly higher terrain terminating in the Fox River Valley—modifies the continental climate. The lake effects and the limited hours of sunshine, caused by cloudiness, produce a narrow temperature range. Three-fifths of the total annual rainfall occurs during the growing season, May through September; the high degree of precipitation, combined with the low temperature range, is conducive to the development of the dairy industry. Long winters with snowstorms are common, though winter extremes are not so severe as would be indicated by Green Bay's northern latitude location. Snowfall averages 46.3 inches each year.
| 43.8 square miles (2000) | |
| 582 feet above sea level | |
| January, 13.9° F; July, 69.5° F; annual average, 43.6° F | |
| 28.83 inches of rain, 46.3 inches of snow |
