| Gyromitrin | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| IUPAC name |
N-(ethylideneamino)-N-methyl-
formamide |
| Other names | Acetaldehyde methylformylhydrazone formic acid 2-ethylidene-1-methylhydrazide Acetaldehyde methylformylhydrazone |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS number | 16568-02-8 |
| PubChem | 9548611 |
| KEGG | C08305 |
| ChEBI | 5583 |
| SMILES |
C/C=N/N(C)C=O
|
| InChI |
1/C4H8N2O/c1-3-5-6(2)4-7/h3-4H,1-2H3/b5-3+
|
| Properties | |
| Molecular formula | C4H8N2O |
| Molar mass | 100.12 g/mol |
| Boiling point |
143 °C, 416 K, 289 °F |
| Hazards | |
| Main hazards | Toxic |
| Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) | |
| Infobox references | |
Gyromitrin is a toxin and possible carcinogen present in most members of the fungal genus Gyromitra, most notably the false morel G. esculenta.
Contents |
Mechanism of toxicity
Gyromitrin's toxicity is caused by its metabolic hydrolysis into monomethylhydrazine.[1] The accumulation of MMH leads to necrosis and steatosis.
Removal
Gyromitrin is volatile and water soluble, and can be mostly removed from the mushrooms by cutting them to small pieces and repeatedly boiling them in copious amounts of water under good ventilation. While most people experience no ill effects from ingesting the remaining small doses of gyromitrin, some may have a metabolic sensitivity to it and can become seriously ill from eating even properly-prepared false morels.
Initial symptoms of gyromitrin exposure include headache, nausea and dizziness. As gyromitrin is quite volatile, even just the presence of false morels in a poorly ventilated space may be enough to cause these symptoms. Consuming large amounts of gyromitrin, such as are found in untreated false morels, may lead to catastrophic liver failure and death.
There is some evidence that even small doses of gyromitrin may have a cumulative carcinogenic effect. Thus it may not be advisable to consume even properly treated false morels too frequently.[2]
References
- ^ Hepatotoxicity by Hyman J. Zimmerman, page 285
- ^ http://www.uaf.edu/snras/afes/pubs/misc/MP_05_07.pdf Page 3
External links
- "Gyromitra esculenta, one of the false morels"
- Official Finnish instructions for the processing of false morels
- Hepatotoxicity: The Adverse Effects of Drugs and Other Chemicals on the Liver
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