( b Boston, 6 March 1926). American musicologist. After studying music in Philadelphia and Boston, he worked as a music critic in Europe. He began to establish his reputation as a Haydn scholar in the late 1940s, culminating in his book on the symphonies (1955) and his five volume Haydn: Chronicle and Works (1976-80), both landmarks. He has edited many other Haydn works, notably the operas, stimulating performances and provoking a reappraisal of Haydn as a dramatic composer. He has also worked on other 18th century music, written articles and reviews and broadcast and lectured widely.
