Hamilcar

Hamilcar (Punic-Phoenician ḥmlqrt, Canaanite Hebrew אחי-מלקרת, meaning brother of Melqart, a Tyrian god) was a common name in the Punic culture. There are several different transcriptions into Greek and Roman scripts. The ruling families of ancient Carthage often named their members with the traditional name Hamilcar. For example:

• Hamilcar the Magonid — Basileus (king) of Carthage

• Hamilcar, son of Hanno, led the Carthaginian forces at the Battle of Himera in 480 BC during the First Sicilian War

• Hamilcar — Punic strategus against Timoleon of Syracuse

• A brother of Gisco (3) and possibly brother of Hanno (9) with whom he was executed in the middle of the 4th century BC (Polyen. Strat. V 11)

• Hamilcar the Rhodian — Possibly Carthaginian spy in the entourage of Alexander the Great, executed when returning to Carthage.

• Hamilcar, son of Gisgo and grandson to Hanno the Great, led a campaign against Agathocles of Syracuse between 311 BC and 307 BC in the Third Sicilian War, before his capture and execution.

• Hamilcar — Strategus in Sicily and Punic Africa from 261 to 255 BC during the First Punic War. He is not identical with the homonym officer mentioned by Diod. XXIV 12. ELip

• Hamilcar was a Carthaginian commander whose greatest achievement was winning the Battle of Drepanum in 249 BC during the First Punic War.

• Hamilcar Barca (about 270 – 228 BC) served as a Carthaginian general during and after the First Punic War (264 – 241 BC). His son was famed general Hannibal of the Second Punic War.

The name has been adopted by many Mediterranean cultures. Amilcare was one of Benito Mussolini's given names, and was the forename of the composer Amilcare Ponchielli.

See also

• General Aircraft Hamilcar — the World War II glider
• Amilcar — French-made automobile from the 1920s and 30s
• Amílcar Cabral — African nationalist whose name is derived from "Hamilcar"
• Amilcare Cipriani — Italian anarchist whose name is derived from "Hamilcar"
• Amilcar Hasenfratz — a pseudonym of Frédéric Bartholdi

Bibliography

• B H Warmington, Carthage. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1964.
• F L Benz, Personal names in the Phoenician and Punic inscriptions. Rome: Biblical Institute Press, 1972

External links

• Livius.org: Hamilcar, son of Hanno