| Haplogroup G | |
| Time of origin | |
| Place of origin | East Asia |
| Ancestor | M12'G |
| Descendants | G1, G2, G3, G4 |
|---|---|
| Defining mutations | 709, 4833, 5108[1] |
In human mitochondrial genetics, Haplogroup G is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup.
Contents |
Origin
Haplogroup G is a descendant of haplogroup M. Haplogroup G is divided into subclades G1 and G2a, which represent the Koryaks and Itelmen.[2]
Distribution
It is an East Asian haplogroup.[3] Today, haplogroup G is found at its highest frequency in northeastern Siberia.[2] Haplogroup G is also found at lower frequency among some populations of East Asia, Central Asia, Bangladesh and Nepal. However, unlike other mitochondrial DNA haplogroups typical of populations of northeastern Asia, such as haplogroup A, haplogroup C, and haplogroup D, haplogroup G has not been found among indigenous peoples of the Americas.
Subclades
Tree
This phylogenetic tree of haplogroup G subclades is based on the paper by Mannis van Oven and Manfred Kayser Updated comprehensive phylogenetic tree of global human mitochondrial DNA variation[1] and subsequent published research.
- G
- G1
- G1a
- G1a1
- G1a1a
- G1a1a1
- G1a1a2
- G1a1a3
- G1a1a
- G1a2'3
- G1a2
- G1a3
- G1a3a
- G1a1
- G1b
- G1c
- G1a
- G2
- G2a
- G2a1
- G2a1a
- G2a1b
- G2a1c
- G2a2
- G2a3
- G2a3a
- G2a4
- G2a1
- G2b
- G2b1
- G2a
- G3
- G3a
- G3a1
- G3a2
- G3b
- G3b1
- G3a
- G4
- G1
References
- ^ a b van Oven, Mannis; Manfred Kayser (13 Oct 2008). "Updated comprehensive phylogenetic tree of global human mitochondrial DNA variation". Human Mutation 30 (2): E386-E394. PMID 18853457 doi:10.1002/humu.20921. http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/121449735/abstract?CRETRY=1&SRETRY=0. Retrieved 2009-05-20.
- ^ a b mtDNA Haplogroup Testing
- ^ Haplogroup G.
See also
- Genealogical DNA test
- Genetic Genealogy
- Human mitochondrial genetics
- Population Genetics
- Human mitochondrial DNA haplogroups
| Mitochondrial Eve (L) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| L0 | L1 | L2 | L3 | L4 | L5 | L6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| M | N | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CZ | D | E | G | Q | A | S | R | I | W | X | Y | |||||||||||||||||||||
| C | Z | B | F | R0 | pre-JT | P | U | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| HV | JT | K | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| H | V | J | T | Former Clusters IWX | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
External links
- General
- Ian Logan's Mitochondrial DNA Site
- Mannis van Oven's Phylotree
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