Hawiye: Information from Answers.com

Hawiye
بنو هوية

Regions with significant populations

Somalia
Ethiopia
Kenya
Yemen

Languages

Somali

Religion

Islam

Related ethnic groups

Dir, Isaaq, other Somali clans

The Hawiye (Somali: Hawiiye, Arabic: بنو هوية‎) is a Somali clan. Members of the clan primarily live in central and southern Somalia, in the Ogaden and the North Eastern Province (currently administered by Ethiopia and Kenya, respectively), and in smaller numbers in other countries. Like many Somalis, Hawiye members trace their ancestry to Irir Samaale. The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) and Human Rights Watch indicate that Hawiye is the largest Somali clan.^[1]^[2] Other sources, including the Canadian Report of the Somalia Commission of Inquiry, indicate that the Darod is the largest Somali clan.^[3]^[4] Hawiye is the dominant clan in Mogadishu, the capital of Somalia.^[5]

1 History
2 Settlement and commerce
3 Sons of Hawiye Irir
4 Clan tree
5 Notable Hawiye figures
6 Political factions and organizations
7 Notes

History

The first reference to the Hawiye dates back to the 13th century writings of the Arab geographer, Ibn Sa'id, who describes Merca as the "capital of Hawiye country". The 12th century cartographer Muhammad al-Idrisi may have referred to the Hawiye as well, as he called Merca the region of the "Hadiye", which Herbert S. Lewis believes is a scribal error for "Hawiye", as do Guilliani, Schleicher and Cerulli.^[6]

Settlement and commerce

Due to ancient pastoralist migrations and population movements across the Somali peninsula in search of water wells and grazing land over a period of thousand years, Hawiye clans today can be found inhabiting an area stretching from the fertile lands of southern Somalia between Barawa and Kismayo, to the regions surrounding Merka, Mogadishu and Warsheikh in the hinterland, west to the modern city of Beledweyne in the Hiiraan region, and north to the ancient port town of Hobyo in the arid central Mudug region.^[7]

About 40 percent of the Degodia subclan lives in Ethiopia; when Arthur Donaldson Smith traveled through what is now Bare woreda in 1895, he found that the Degodia were neighbors of the Afgab clan, their territory stretching east to the Weyib and Dawa Rivers.^[8]

The economy of the Hawiye includes the predominant nomadic pastoralism in the interior and to some extent, cultivation within agricultural settlements in the riverine area as well as mercantile commerce along the urban coast. At various points throughout history, trade of modern and ancient commodities by the Hawiye through maritime routes included cattle skin, slaves, ivory and ambergris.^[9]^[10]

Sons of Hawiye Irir

The lists in this section may contain items that are not notable, encyclopedic, or helpful. Please help out by removing such elements and incorporating appropriate items into the main body of the article. (September 2009)

Karanle Hawiye
- Kidir Karanle
  - Abshacle
  - Warneef
  - Aw-bakar
- Saxawle Karanle
  - Baad
    - Ciye
    - Shurbul
  - Buraale (Sanbure)
    - Faarax
    - Araabbi
    - Haruun
- Kaariye Karanle
  - Afxaaji
  - Laagsuge
- Waadeere Karanle
  - Murusade
    - Sabti
      - Abdalla Sabti
      - Majabe Sabti
      - Ibraahin Sabti
    - FoolCulus or Foorculus
      - Habar Maxamed
      - Habar Ceyno
Gugundhabe
- Baadacade
- afgaab
- Subeyr
- maamiye
- Ilaabe
- Cadawyar
- Xaamud
- Jidle
  - Cadde
  - Aagey
  - Murale
- Jibade
  - Jijeele
  - Baadicadde
  - Baydiisle
  - Gaal Jecel
    - Abtisame
    - Aloofi
    - Barsame
    - Dirisame
    - Aafi
    - Sugow
    - Makaahiil Weynaha
    - Oday Cad
    - Doqon Diido
  - Degodia
Gurgaate
- Wadalaan Gurgaate
  - WilWil
  - Diimaale
- Silcis Gurgaate
- Mahamed Gurgaate
- Meyle Gurgaate
  - Hawadle or Xawadle
    - Samatalis
    - Allagumar
    - Walaxmooge
    - Cabdiraxiim and Cabdiraxmaan
- Mohamuud "Dame" Gurgaate
  - Hiraab
    - Martiile
      - Sheekhaal
    - Maxamuud Hiraab
      - Duduble
    - Madarkicis
      - Habar Gedir
        
        Sa'ad, also known as Sacad
        
        Saleebaan
        
        Ayr, also known Cayr
        
        Sarur, also known as Suruur, Baa Suruur
    - Muddulood
      - Udeejeen or Ciise Mudulood
      - Daaro Muddulood
      - Wacweyteen
      - Darandoole
        
        Hiilebi
        
        Cismaan
        
        Abgaal or Cali Cismaan
        
        Wacdaan Cismaan
        
        Moobleen Cismaan
        
        Ilawaay Cismaan
Jambeele
- Hintire
- Ajuuraan
- Garure
- Arure
- Olagir
Xaskul Hawiye
- Owsan
- Idin
- Cariid
Raaranle
- Moorye
- Aw-sheek
- Baablays

^[11]^{[verification needed]}

Clan tree

There is no clear agreement on the clan and sub-clan structures and many lineages are omitted. Other sources may have a different view of the clan-lineage structure.^[12]

Irir Samaale
- Hawiye
  - Gaaljaal
  - Hawadle
  - Abgaal
  - Murosade
  - Sheikal
  - Habar Gidir

Notable Hawiye figures

Heads of State

Aden Abdullah Osman Daar, President of Somalia, 1960-67
Abdullahi Issa, Prime minister of Somalia, 1954-1960
Hussein Kulmiye Afrah, Vice President of Somalia, 1969-91
Ali Mahdi Muhammad, President of Somalia, 1991-93
Abdiqasim Salad Hassan, President of Somalia, 2000-04
Ali Mohammed Ghedi, Prime minister of Somalia, 2004-07
Nur Hassan Hussein, Prime minister of Somalia, 2007-09
Sharif Ahmed, President of Somalia, 2009-current

Politicians

Abdirahman Janaqow, Somali leader, deputy chairman of the Islamic Courts Union of Somalia (ICU), Minister of Justice
Ali Shido Abdi, Vice chairman of the SYL party, 1956-60
Haji Farah Ali Omar, Minister of Finance, 1956-60
Ali Mohamed Osoble, Minister of Commerce & Construction, 1967-69; co-founder of the United Somali Congress
Mohamed Afrah Qanyare, politician who was based to the south of Mogadishu and member of TFG parliament
Mohamed Sheikh Osman, Minister of Finance, 1980-84
Abdullahi Ahmed Addou, Ambassador to the United States, 1970-80
Dr. Hussein Hagi Bood, Minister of National planning, 1977-81
Omar Hashi Aden, Minister of National Security, 2009
Abdikarim Ahmed Ali, Minister of Commerce 2000
Muuse Nuur Amiin, Minister of Interior2004-09

Military personnel

Daud Abdulle Hirsi, Commander-in-chief of the Somali national army, 1960-65
Salaad Gabeyre Kediye, Father of the 1969 revolution
Mohamed Farrah Aidid, Chairman of the United Somali Congress, 1991-96
Ahmed Maxamed Xasan, Lieutenant colonel who defused the mig-17 jet fighter bombs
Mohammed Hussein Ali, Commissioner of the Kenyan police; 2004-08
Hassan Dahir Aweys, leader of Islamist revolution in Somalia, 2006-09

Leading intellectuals

Hussein Sheikh Ahmed Kaddare, author of the Kaddariya script, 1952
Abdulkadir Yahye Ali, peace activist, Co-Director and Founder of Center for Research and Dialogue ^[13]
Abukar Umar Adani, businessman who operates the Elman port services
Dr. Hilowle Imam Omar, co-chairman of the reconciliation program 1995-2000
Ali Jimale, educator at the City University of New York
Dr. Ali Sheikh Ahmed, dual president of Mogadishu University and Al-Islaah
Dr. Abdi Mohamed Ulusso, political science graduate and 2003 presidential candidate
Hussein Ali Shido, founding member of the United Somali Congress
Mohamed Haji (Ingiriis), prominent journalist based in Belgium
Amina Said Ali, author, poet, and medical scientist
Ibrahim Hassan Addou, Foreign Minister of the Union of Islamic courts in 2006
Farah Weheliye Addow (Sindiko), former leader of the African football confederation
Marian Hussein Awreye, director of the Isma’il Jim’ale human rights organisation

Traditional elders and religious leaders

Sultan Olol Diinle, last king of the Ajuran empire
Sheekh Xasan Barsame, Ahmaddi anti-colonialist scholar
Cabdulle Gorod, elder based in Hobyo
Sheikh Ali Dhere, founder of the first Islamic Court in Mogadishu

Music and Literature

Abdi Bashiir Indhobuur, poet and composer, writer of several patriotic songs
Magool (Halima Khalif Omar), musician
Hasan Adan Samatar, musician
Abdulle Geedannaar, Mogadishu poet
Sheekh Ahmed Gabyow, 19th-century poet
K'naan, contemporary Somali-Canadian poet, rapper and musician

Political factions and organizations

United Somali Congress (USC) Formed in 1989, it played a key role in the ouster of the government of Siad Barre
Somali National Alliance (SNA) formed by Mohamed Farrah Aidid
Somali Salvation Army (SSA), the Ali Mahdi Muhammad branch of the United Somali Congress
Juba Valley Alliance (JVA), primary opponent of the Somali Patriotic Movement
Islamic Courts Union (ICU), a rival administration to the Transitional Federal Government.
Hizbul Shabaab, the Youth Movement wing of the ICU before ceding the organisation to Aden Hashi Farah "Eyrow".
Alliance for the Restoration of Peace and Counter-Terrorism, (ARPCT) a Somali alliance created by various warlords and businesspeople
The Democratic Union Party (DUP), has supporters in the area of Negele Boran in the Ogaden's Borena Zone in Ethiopia, with the majority of the Hawiye/Degodia clan heading the party
United Somali Congress / United Justice (USC/UJ)

Notes

^ Central Intelligence Agency (2002). "Ethnic Groups". Somalia Summary Map. http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/africa/somalia_ethnic_grps_2002.jpg. Retrieved February 15, 2006.
^ Human Rights Watch (1990). "Somalia: Human Rights Developments". Human Rights Watch World Report 1990. http://www.hrw.org/reports/1990/WR90/AFRICA.BOU-09.htm. Retrieved November 21, 2005.
^ "The Situation in Somalia". Report of the Somali Commission of Inquiry, Vol. 1. http://www.dnd.ca/somalia/vol1/v1c11e.htm. Retrieved November 21, 2005.
^ Somalia Assessment 2001, Annex B: Somali Clan Structure, Country Information and Policy Unit, Home Office, Great Britain
^ "'Truce' after Somali gun battle". BBC News. 2007-03-23. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/6483427.stm. Retrieved 2007-04-13.
^ Herbert S. Lewis, "The Origins of the Galla and Somali", in The Journal of African History. Cambridge University Press, 1966, pp 27–30.
^ The Somali, Afar and Saho groups in the Horn of Africa by I.M Lewis
^ Donaldson-Smith, Through Unknown African Countries: the first expedition from Somaliland to Lake Rudolph (London, 1897), p. 143
^ Kenya’s past; an introdution to historical method in Africa page by Thomas T. Spear
^ The Shaping of Somali society; reconstructing the history of a pastoral people by Lee Cassanelli
^ I.M. LEWIS "People of the horn of Africa Somali, Afar and Saho", Haan Associates, pp 28-31–.
^ World Bank (January 2005). "Conflict in Somalia: Drivers and Dynamics" (PDF). Appendix 2: Lineage Charts. pp. 56–57. http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTSOMALIA/Resources/conflictinsomalia.pdf. Retrieved June 15, 2006.
^ http://www.crdsomalia.org

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