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Hazaragi (Persian: هزارگی - Ḥazāragī) is a unique dialect of Persian spoken by the Hazara people of Afghanistan, Iran and Pakistan. The primary differences between Standard Persian and Hazaragi are the accent[1] and a larger borrowing of Altaic vocabulary.
Language Switch Period
Hazaras spoke a Mongolian language during the time of Babur the Mongol King who came to Afghanistan in the 16th century. But when western tourists visited Hazarajat some time later, they noticed that Hazaras switched their language between 16th century and the 19th century to a new language, Hazaragi; thus the end of the 18th century is taken as the date for the language switch.
Bacon[2] and Schumann[3] believe that the original language of Hazaras was Dari Persian from the beginning. Bacon also believes that it is possible that the Jaghtai Mongols. The forefathers of Hazaras, before coming to Hazarajat had accepted Turkic language and used it because there are countable numbers of Turkic word in Hazaragi than Mongolian word. But Dulling[4] was thinking that the language of Hazaras was a mixed of Farsi and Hindi which Farsi took over Hindi in middle Ages. Hassan Pouladi[5] talks about the Hephthalite written works on stones founded by Professor Bewar in Jaghori and Uruzgan which gives the idea that the people living on these lands were talking in Latin Language as Bewar suggested the written language was a mixed of Old Farsi and Sanskrit. These written works are from the 500 B.C[6].
Classification
Geographic distribution of Hazaragi (Green part of central afghanistan) and other.
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Hazaragi has been classified as both a separate language[7][8] and as a dialect[9] of Persian. It is easily distinguishable from other Persian dialects or languages spoken in Afghanistan.[10] The main difference between Dari and Persian languages with Hazaragi is the presence of Mongolic and Turkic words.[11]
Turkic words in Hazaragi
There are Turkic words in Hazaragi, with slight dialectal differnces in various valleys and districts. Some examples are shown below:
| Hazaragi |
Turkish |
Meaning in English |
| aba |
aba |
mother |
| ata |
ata |
father |
| qash |
qash |
eyebrow |
| kirpik |
kirpik |
eyelash |
Mongolian Words In Hazaragi
Linguists have found several words in Hazaragi which they relate to Mongolian words of the same root. Some Mongolian words that are similar to Hazaragi are given in the table below:
| Hazaragi |
Mongolian[12] |
Meaning in English |
| abgha |
abaγa |
uncle (Mong. 'paternal uncle') |
| bula |
bülü ~ böle |
cousin (Mong. 'cousins whose mothers are sisters') |
| khatu |
qatun |
wife (Mong. 'queen', cp. Mogholi [xɔt’un] 'woman') |
| elgha |
alaγa(n) |
palm of hand |
| nilgha |
nilqa |
baby |
Geographic distribution
Hazaragi is spoken by the Hazara people of central Afghanistan as well as by a large refugee population and Hazara citizen found in northeastern Iran city of Mashad and in parts of Pakistan, such as Quetta.[13]
Hazaragi Academy
A newly established academy is working on a written form of Hazaragi, the Hazaragi Academy, publishing their magazine MANJI[14] every two months. The word “Manji” in Hazaragi means “To convey the message”. This academy also celebrates social and cultural programs for promoting the Hazaragi language among the people.
Examples
| English |
Hazaragi |
| Hello |
علیکوم سلام "alaykum salaam" |
| Goodbye |
خدا حافظ "khuda haafiz" |
| Yes |
آری "are" |
| No |
نه "na" |
| Please |
بی زحمت "Be zahmat" |
| Thank you |
تشکر "tashakkor" |
| Please come in. |
پیش بایین " pish baiin" |
| Have a seat. |
بشین "beshin" |
| Do you speak English? |
شمو انگلسی توره گفته متنین؟ "shumo Englisi turah gufteh matanin"? |
| I do not speak English. |
مه انگلسی گفته نه متنوم "meh anglisi gufteh na matanum" |
| I am a Hazara boy. |
مه باچے آزره استوم "meh baache azarah astum" |
| Which way to Bamiyan? |
بامیان ده کدام طرف استه؟ "baamiyaan dah kudaam taraf asteh"? |
| Hazaragi is a nice language. |
آزرگی یک خوب زیبو استه "azragi yak khoob ziboo asteh" |
See also
External links
References
- ^ Schurmann, Franz (1962) The Mongols of Afghanistan: An Ethnography of the Moghôls and Related Peoples of Afghanistan Mouton, The Hague, Netherlands, - page 17, OCLC 401634
- ^ Bacon E: The Hazara Mongols of Afghanistan: A study in social organization, PhD Dissertation, University of California, 1951, page 6.
- ^ H.F. Schurmann: The Mongols of Afghanistan: an ethnography of the Mongols and related people of Afghanistan, University of California 1962, page 25-26
- ^ Dulling G. K.: The Hazaragi Dialect of Afghan Persian, Central Asian Research Center, London 1973, page 47
- ^ See The Hazaras: History, culture, politics and economy by Hasan Pouladi, 1989; page 133-4
- ^ The Hazaras: History, culture, politics and economy by Hasan Pouladi, 1989; page 136
- ^ Malistani, A. H. Tariq and Gehring, Roman (compilers) (1993) Farhang-i ibtidal-i milli-i Hazarah : bi-inzimam-i tarjamah bih Farsi-i Ingilisi = Hazaragi - Dari/Persian - English: a preliminary glossary A. H. Tariq Malistani, Quetta, OCLC 33814814
- ^ "Ethnologue Report on Hazaragi"
- ^ Dulling, G. K. (1973) The Hazaragi dialect of Afghan Persian Central Asian Research Centre, London, OCLC 703532
- ^ Schurmann, Franz (1962) The Mongols of Afghanistan: An Ethnography of the Moghôls and Related Peoples of Afghanistan Mouton, The Hague, Netherlands, - page 110, OCLC 401634
- ^ http://www.iranica.com/newsite/
- ^ Mongolian words as spelled in Mongolian script (see Lessing (ed.) (1995 [1960]): Mongolian English dictionary. Bloomington: Mongolia Society, adapted according to page xiii). When reconstructing protoforms, letters for voiced vowels indicate unvoiced unaspirated and letters for voiceless vowels voiceless aspirated vowels. γ is an allophone of *k and q is an allophone of kʰ according to consonant harmony. (For the reconstruction model, see Svantesson et al. (2005): The phonology of Mongolian. Oxford: Oxford University Press. For an actual reconstruction, Middle Mongolian word forms in other scripts than Mongolian will have to be used as well.)
- ^ Area Handbook for Afghanistan - Page 77 by Harvey Henry Smith, American University (Washington, D.C.) Foreign Area Studies
- ^ Ning.com
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