Hemimetabolism

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Nymps and adults of Lygaeus, Hemiptera

Hemimetabolism or hemimetaboly, also called incomplete metamorphosis, is a term used to describe the mode of development of certain insects that includes three distinct stages: the egg, nymph, and the adult stage, or imago. These groups go through gradual changes; there is no pupal stage. The nymph often somewhat resemble the adult stage but lacking wings and functional reproductive organs.

Orders

The Orders that contain hemimetabolous insects are:

• Hemiptera (scale insects, aphids, whitefly, cicadas, leafhoppers and true bugs)
• Orthoptera (grasshoppers and crickets)
• Mantodea (praying mantises)
• Blattaria (cockroaches)
• Dermaptera (earwigs)
• Odonata (dragonflies and damselflies).
• Phasmatodea (Stick Insects)
• Isoptera (Termites)
• Pthiaptera (sucking lice)
• Ephemeroptera (mayflies)

Previously used nomenclature

Hemimetabolous insects used to be further divided into two categories: paurometaboly and heterometaboly. In paurometabolous insects, the nymph and the adult would live in the same environment (water, air, soil, etc.). This is the case of the Orthoptera (grasshoppers and crickets) and some Hemiptera (true bugs) are examples of this. The nymph and adult of heterometabolous insects live in different environments.^{[citation needed]} For example, Odonata naiads live in the water and cicada nymphs underground, whereas the imagos are aerial.

Terminology of aquatic entomology

In aquatic entomology, different terminology is used when categorizing insects with incomplete metamorphosis. Paurometabolism refers to insects whose nymphs occupy the same environment as the adults, as in the family Gerridae of hemiptera. The hemimetabolous insects are those whose nymphs, called naiads, occupy aquatic habitats while the adults are terrestrial. This includes all members of the orders Plecoptera, Ephemeroptera, and Odonata. Aquatic entomologists use this categorization because it specifies whether the adult will occupy an aquatic or semi aquatic habitat, or will be terrestrial. This classification system is similar to previously used nomenclature in terrestrial entomology.^{[citation needed]}

See also

• Holometabolism
• Ametabolism
• Subimago
• Metamorphosis

References