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Hilbert–Schmidt operator

 
Wikipedia: Hilbert–Schmidt operator

In mathematics, a Hilbert–Schmidt operator, named for David Hilbert and Erhard Schmidt, is a bounded operator A on a Hilbert space H with finite Hilbert–Schmidt norm, meaning that there exists an orthonormal basis \{e_i : i \in I\} of H with the property

\sum_{i\in I} \|Ae_i\|^2 < \infty.

If this is true for one orthonormal basis, it is true for any other orthonormal basis.

Let A and B be two Hilbert–Schmidt operators. The Hilbert–Schmidt inner product can be defined as

\langle A,B \rangle_\mathrm{HS} = \operatorname{tr} (A^*B)
= \sum_{i \in I} \langle Ae_i, Be_i \rangle.

The induced norm is called the Hilbert–Schmidt norm:

\lVert A \rVert_\mathrm{HS}^2 = 
\sum_{i \in I} \lVert Ae_i \rVert^2.

This definition is independent of the choice of orthonormal basis, and in Euclidean space, it reduces to the Frobenius norm.

The Hilbert–Schmidt operators form a two-sided *-ideal in the Banach algebra of bounded operators on H. The Hilbert–Schmidt operators are closed in the norm topology if, and only if, H is finite dimensional. They also form a Hilbert space, and can be shown to be naturally isometrically isomorphic to the tensor product of Hilbert spaces

H^* \otimes H,

where H* is the dual space of H.

See also


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