It is not about a "who" but about numerous "whats". To discover
the causes of the Arab-Israeli Conflict (i.e. the "whats") see the
related question below.
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The Arab-Israeli Conflict has mostly been kept within the
southern Levant region and northeast Egypt.
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As counter-intuitive as it might be, the two groups involved in
the Arab-Israeli Conflict are the Arabs and the Israelis.