HLA-G histocompatibility antigen, class I, G, also known as HLA-G, or Human Leukocyte Antigen G, is a human gene.
Structure
HLA-G belongs to the HLA nonclassical class I heavy chain paralogues. This class I molecule is a heterodimer consisting of a heavy chain and a light chain (beta-2 microglobulin). The heavy chain is anchored in the membrane. HLA-G is expressed on fetal derived placental cells. The heavy chain is approximately 45 kDa and its gene contains 8 exons. Exon one encodes the leader peptide, exons 2 and 3 encode the alpha1 and alpha2 domain, which both bind the peptide, exon 4 encodes the alpha3 domain, exon 5 encodes the transmembrane region, and exon 6 encodes the cytoplasmic tail.[1]
Function
It may play a role in Immune tolerance in pregnancy, being expressed in the placenta, while the classical MHC class I genes HLA-A and HLA-B are not. [2]
Interactions
HLA-G has been shown to interact with CD8A.[3][4]
References
- ^ "Entrez Gene: HLA-G HLA-G histocompatibility antigen, class I, G". http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=3135.
- ^ Page 31 to 32 in: Maternal-Fetal Medicine : Principles and Practice. Editor: Robert K. Creasy, Robert Resnik, Jay D. Iams. ISBN: 9780721600048 Published: September 2003
- ^ Gao, G F; Willcox B E, Wyer J R, Boulter J M, O'Callaghan C A, Maenaka K, Stuart D I, Jones E Y, Van Der Merwe P A, Bell J I, Jakobsen B K (May. 2000). "Classical and nonclassical class I major histocompatibility complex molecules exhibit subtle conformational differences that affect binding to CD8alphaalpha". J. Biol. Chem. (UNITED STATES) 275 (20): 15232–8. ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 10809759.
- ^ Sanders, S K; Giblin P A, Kavathas P (Sep. 1991). "Cell-cell adhesion mediated by CD8 and human histocompatibility leukocyte antigen G, a nonclassical major histocompatibility complex class 1 molecule on cytotrophoblasts". J. Exp. Med. (UNITED STATES) 174 (3): 737–40. ISSN 0022-1007. PMID 1908512.
Further reading
- Carosella ED, Favier B, Rouas-Freiss N, Moreau P, LeMaoult J (2008). "Beyond the increasing complexity of the immunomodulatory HLA-G molecule.". Blood 111 (10): 4862–70. doi:10.1182/blood-2007-12-127662. PMID 18334671.
- Carosella ED, Moreau P, LeMaoult J, Rouas-Freiss N (2008). "HLA-G: From biology to clinical benefits". Trends in Immunology 29: 125–32. doi:10.1016/j.it.2007.11.005. PMID 18249584.
- Arnaiz-Villena A, Martinez-Laso J, Alvarez M, et al. (1997). "Primate Mhc-E and -G alleles.". Immunogenetics 46 (4): 251–66. doi:10.1007/s002510050271. PMID 9218527.
- Le Bouteiller P (2000). "HLA-G in the human placenta: expression and potential functions.". Biochem. Soc. Trans. 28 (2): 208–12. PMID 10816129.
- Geyer M, Fackler OT, Peterlin BM (2001). "Structure--function relationships in HIV-1 Nef.". EMBO Rep. 2 (7): 580–5. doi:10.1093/embo-reports/kve141. PMID 11463741.
- Langat DK, Hunt JS (2003). "Do nonhuman primates comprise appropriate experimental models for studying the function of human leukocyte antigen-G?". Biol. Reprod. 67 (5): 1367–74. doi:10.1095/biolreprod.102.005587. PMID 12390864.
- Moreau P, Dausset J, Carosella ED, Rouas-Freiss N (2003). "Viewpoint on the functionality of the human leukocyte antigen-G null allele at the fetal-maternal interface.". Biol. Reprod. 67 (5): 1375–8. doi:10.1095/biolreprod.102.005439. PMID 12390865.
- Moreau P, Rousseau P, Rouas-Freiss N, et al. (2002). "HLA-G protein processing and transport to the cell surface.". Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 59 (9): 1460–6. doi:10.1007/s00018-002-8521-8. PMID 12440768.
- Greenway AL, Holloway G, McPhee DA, et al. (2004). "HIV-1 Nef control of cell signalling molecules: multiple strategies to promote virus replication.". J. Biosci. 28 (3): 323–35. doi:10.1007/BF02970151. PMID 12734410.
- Bénichou S, Benmerah A (2003). "[The HIV nef and the Kaposi-sarcoma-associated virus K3/K5 proteins: "parasites"of the endocytosis pathway]". Med Sci (Paris) 19 (1): 100–6. PMID 12836198.
- Le Bouteiller P, Legrand-Abravanel F, Solier C (2004). "Soluble HLA-G1 at the materno-foetal interface--a review.". Placenta 24 Suppl A: S10–5. PMID 12842408.
- Sköld M, Behar SM (2003). "Role of CD1d-restricted NKT cells in microbial immunity.". Infect. Immun. 71 (10): 5447–55. doi:10.1128/IAI.71.10.5447-5455.2003. PMID 14500461.
- Wiendl H, Mitsdoerffer M, Weller M (2004). "Express and protect yourself: the potential role of HLA-G on muscle cells and in inflammatory myopathies.". Hum. Immunol. 64 (11): 1050–6. doi:10.1016/j.humimm.2003.07.001. PMID 14602235.
- Urosevic M, Dummer R (2004). "HLA-G in skin cancer: a wolf in sheep's clothing?". Hum. Immunol. 64 (11): 1073–80. doi:10.1016/j.humimm.2003.08.351. PMID 14602238.
- Carosella ED, Moreau P, Le Maoult J, et al. (2004). "HLA-G molecules: from maternal-fetal tolerance to tissue acceptance.". Adv. Immunol. 81: 199–252. doi:10.1016/S0065-2776(03)81006-4. PMID 14711057.
- Leavitt SA, SchOn A, Klein JC, et al. (2004). "Interactions of HIV-1 proteins gp120 and Nef with cellular partners define a novel allosteric paradigm.". Curr. Protein Pept. Sci. 5 (1): 1–8. doi:10.2174/1389203043486955. PMID 14965316.
- Le Maoult J, Rouas-Freiss N, Le Discorde M, et al. (2004). "[HLA-G in organ transplantation]". Pathol. Biol. 52 (2): 97–103. doi:10.1016/j.patbio.2003.04.006. PMID 15001239.
- Tolstrup M, Ostergaard L, Laursen AL, et al. (2004). "HIV/SIV escape from immune surveillance: focus on Nef.". Curr. HIV Res. 2 (2): 141–51. doi:10.2174/1570162043484924. PMID 15078178.
- Joseph AM, Kumar M, Mitra D (2005). "Nef: "necessary and enforcing factor" in HIV infection.". Curr. HIV Res. 3 (1): 87–94. doi:10.2174/1570162052773013. PMID 15638726.
- McIntire RH, Hunt JS (2005). "Antigen presenting cells and HLA-G--a review.". Placenta 26 Suppl A: S104–9. doi:10.1016/j.placenta.2005.01.006. PMID 15837058.
- Anderson JL, Hope TJ (2005). "HIV accessory proteins and surviving the host cell.". Current HIV/AIDS reports 1 (1): 47–53. doi:10.1007/s11904-004-0007-x. PMID 16091223.
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1ydp: 1.9A crystal structure of HLA-G
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2d31: Crystal structure of disulfide-linked HLA-G dimer
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2dyp: Crystal Structure of LILRB2(LIR2/ILT4/CD85d) complexed with HLA-G
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Surface antigens |
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Major histocompatibility complex/
Human leukocyte antigen |
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HLA-DM ( α, β) • HLA-DO ( α, β) • HLA-DP ( α1, β1) • HLA-DQ ( α1, α2, β1, β2, β3) • HLA-DR ( α, β1, β3, β4, β5)
Minor histocompatibility antigen
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