Holostei

Holostei Fossil range: Jurassic–Recent PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N
Spotted gar, Lepisosteus oculatus Bowfin, Amia calva
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Actinopterygii Infraclass: Holostei
Orders
Amiiformes Lepisosteiformes

Holostei are bony fish that show primitive characteristics. There are eight species divided among two orders, the Amiiformes represented by a single living species, the bowfin (Amia calva), and the Lepisosteiformes, the gars. There are more species to be found in the fossil record.

Holostei share with other primitive fishes a mixture of characteristics of teleosts and sharks. In comparison with the other group of primitive fishes, the chondrosteans, the Holostei are closer to the teleosts and further from sharks: the spiracle found in sharks and chondrosteans is reduced to a remnant structure; the skeleton is ossified (a thin layer of bone covers a mostly cartiliginous skeleton in the bowfins). In gars, the tail is still heterocercal but less so than in the chondrosteans; bowfins have many rayed dorsal fins and can breathe air like the bichirs.

The gars have thick ganoid scales typical of sturgeons whereas the bowfin has thin bony scales like the teleosts. The gars are therefore considered more primitive than the bowfin.^[1]

The Holostei is often regared as paraphyletic; as a result this infraclass is often not used, the two orders contained in it being often treated simply as members of the sub-class Neopterygii without any taxonomic association.^[2] However, recent work mitochondrial analysis of DNA seems to support its recognition, so the question is not yet resolved. Nearly all living bony fishes are teleosts.

The name derives from the Greek, holos meaning whole and osso (osteo) meaning bone: a reference to their bony skeletons.

References

1. ^ Rick Leah. "Holostei". University of Liverpool (http://www.liv.ac.uk). http://www.liv.ac.uk/~rickl/Fisheries_Web/ichthyology/holostei.htm. 
2. ^ Holostei (TSN 161089). Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved on 30 June 2006.

External links

• liv.ac.uk/.../holostei