Hongkou District

Location within Shanghai

Hongkou District (simplified Chinese: 虹口区; traditional Chinese: 虹口區; pinyin: Hóngkǒu Qū) is a northern district of Shanghai proper, People's Republic of China. It has a land area of 23.48 km² (9.07 sq mi) and population of 799,700 as of 2001.

It is the location of the Astor House Hotel, Broadway Mansions, Lu Xun Park and the Lu Xun memorial, and was occupied by the Japanese during World War II, when 20,000 Jewish refugees from Nazi-occupied Europe lived in a notoriously overcrowded square-mile section known to the West as the Shanghai ghetto.

The Japanese War Plan in China was to take Shanghai in 3 days and the rest of China in 3 months. However, the Chinese Peoples Republican Army, mistakingly believing that a strong show of willingness to defend itself would invite support from the rest of the world, fought the Japanese to a standstill. The Chinese Nationalist Army, which was at the time allied with the Communists was resentful and suspicious of the growing influence and strength of the Communists and refused to resupply the Chinese Peoples Republican Army, forcing them to sign a truce with the Japanese, leaving the Japanese in control of most of the territory north of the Su Zhou Creek including the Hongkou District. The Waibaidu Bridge which crosses the Su Zhou Creek and connects the district with the Bund is a great symbol of freedom in Shanghai. On one side of the bridge was Japanese occupied China while the other side of the bridge was guarded by US Marines protecting US and other International interests in Shanghai. To get across that bridge was to cross to freedom. Many atrocities were committed by the Japanese in the Hongkou area causing an emotional stigma to Chinese residents in the area that lasts to the present day. The area was a launching off place for the Japanese invasion of Nanjing. The "Rape of Nanjing" is legendary and some believe was retribution for the frustration of Japanese ambitions by the Chinese People's Republican Army in Shanghai.

Hongkou is home to the Shanghai International Studies University (SISU), Shanghai University of Finance and Economics.

Fuxing High School and Shanghai Foreign Language School Affiliated to SISU (SFLS) are the best High schools in this area

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