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Hortus deliciarum

 
Art Encyclopedia: Hortus Deliciarum

Illustrated encyclopedia compiled by HERRAD VON LANDSBERG, Abbess of Hohenbourg, Alsace, in the late 12th century. The only copy was held in the municipal library of Strasbourg but was completely destroyed by fire in the bombardment of the city in 1870. Fortunately, records had been made of some parts of the text and copies made of some of the illustrations: Christian Moritz Engelhardt had had drawings made for his 1818 publication of the Hortus; the manuscript had also been lent to the French antiquary Comte Auguste de Bastard d'Estang, who had notes on the text and some coloured copies made of the illustrations by Wilhelm Stengel. Some years after its destruction Canons Straub and Keller published these and other extant drawings made from the manuscript and presented some account of its contents, but it was not until 1979 that a team of scholars published as complete a reconstruction as possible of the text and illustration of the Hortus deliciarum.

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Hell, as illustrated in Hortus deliciarum.

Hortus deliciarum (Latin for Garden of Delights) is a medieval manuscript compiled by Herrad of Landsberg at the Hohenburg Abbey in Alsace, better known today as Mont Sainte-Odile. It was an illuminated encyclopedia, begun in 1167 as a pedagogical tool for young novices at the convent. It was finished in 1185, and was one of the most celebrated illuminated manuscripts of the period.[1] The majority of the work is in Latin, with glosses in German.

Most of the manuscript was not original, but was a compendium of 12th century knowledge. The manuscript contained poems, illustrations, and music, and drew from texts by classical and Arab writers.[1] Interspersed with writings from other sources were poems by Herrad, addressed to the nuns, almost all of which were set to music.[2] The most famous portion of the manuscript is the illustrations, of which there were 336, which symbolised various themes, including theosophical, philosophical, and literary themes. These works are well regarded.[1]

In 1870 the manuscript was burnt and destroyed when the owning library in Strasbourg was bombed during the Siege of Strasbourg. It is possible to reconstruct parts of the manuscript because portions of it had been copied in various sources; Christian Maurice Engelhardt copied the miniatures in 1818, and the text was copied and published by Straub and Keller between 1879 and 1899.[1][3]

Hortus deliciarum is one of the first sources of polyphony originating from a convent. The manuscript contained at least 20 song texts, all of which were originally notated with music. Those which can be recognized now are from the conductus repertory, and are mainly note against note in texture. The notation was in semi-quadratic neumes with pairs of four-line staves.[1] Two songs survive with music intact: Primus parens hominum, a monophonic song, and a two part work, Sol oritur occasus.[2]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e Grove
  2. ^ a b Yardley, pg. 19
  3. ^ Catholic Encyclopedia

Bibliography

  • Green, Rosalie (ed.); Michael Evans, Christine Bischoff, and Michael Curschmann (1979). The Hortus Deliciarum of Herrad of Hohenbourg (Landsberg, 1176-96): A Reconstruction. Warburg Institute/E.J. Brill. 

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Herrad von Landsberg (person)
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