(gĭlyärd') , 1862–1924, American historian and editor, b. New Orleans. He served (1887–1909, 1917–24) the Dept. of State in various capacities, his most important work being done as chief of the division of publications and as editor. From 1909 to 1917 he was chief of the division of manuscripts in the Library of Congress. Among his books are The Life of James Madison (1902) and The Department of State of the United States: Its History and Functions (1914). He edited The Writings of James Madison (9 vol., 1900–1910) and Vol. XVI to XXVII of the Journals of the Continental Congress (1909–28).