Hydrogen ion is recommended by IUPAC as a general term for all ions of hydrogen and its isotopes.[1] Depending on the charge of the ion, two different classes can be distinguished:
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Cation (positively charged)
- Main article: hydron.
When hydrogen loses its electron, the following cations can be formed:
- Hydron: general name referring to the positive ion of any hydrogen isotope (H+)
- Proton: 1H+ (most correctly, the cation of protium)
- Deuteron: 2H+, D+
- Triton: 3H+, T+
In addition, the ions produced by the reaction of these cations with water as well as their hydrates are called hydrogen ions:
- Hydronium ion: H3O+
- Zundel cation: H5O2+
- Eigen cation: H9O4+
The latter two play an important role in proton hopping according to the Grotthuss mechanism.
In connection with acids, hydrogen ions typically refer to hydrons.
Anion (negatively charged)
- Main article: hydrogen anion.
Hydrogen anions are formed when additional electrons are acquired:
- Hydride: general name referring to the negative ion of any hydrogen isotope
- Deuteride: 2H-, D-
- Tritide: 3H-, T-
In organic chemistry, a hydrogen atom in a molecule is often referred to simply as a proton. The hydrogen anion has played an important role in quantum physics.
See also
References
- ^ Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd edition McNaught, A.D. and Wilkinson, A. Blackwell Science, 1997 [ISBN 0-86542-684-8], also online
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