I know that I know nothing

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Socratic method · Dialogues · Social gadfly · Ascetism · Virtue · Trial · "I know that I know nothing" · Socratic paradox

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"I know that I know nothing" (Ancient Greek: ἓν οἶδα ὅτι οὐδὲν οἶδα hen oída hoti oudén oída; Latin: scio me nihil scire or scio me nescire) is a well-known saying which is attributed to the Greek philosopher Socrates.

Meaning

The well-known, paradoxical translation of οἶδα οὐκ εἰδώς, oída ouk eidós misses the point of the statement. It literally means "I know as a non knowing" or "I know that I don't know". The phrase "I know that I know nothing" would be translated into Ancient Greek as "οἶδα οὐδὲν εἰδώς" oída oudén eidós [ˈoi̯dɐ ou̯ˈdɛn ei̯ˈdɔːs].

The impreciseness of the English translation stems from the fact that the author is not saying that he does not know anything but means instead that one cannot know anything with absolute certainty but can feel confident about certain things;^[1] it could perhaps better be rendered "I know, through not knowing".^{[citation needed]}

Origin

The citation is probably borrowed from Socrates' Apology which Plato handed down:^[2]

[…] οὖτος μὲν οἴεταί τι εἰδέναι οὐκ εἰδώς, ἐγὼ δέ, ὥσπερ οὖν οὐκ οἶδα, οὐδὲ οἴμαι
—This one means to know anything, although he doesn't know it, but I, as I don't know it now, don't believe it either.

Socrates then continued Xenophanes' thoughts from 500 B.C.:

δόκος δ᾿ ἐπὶ πᾶσι τέτυκται
—To seem to know is prepared on all.

Socrates also deals with this phrase in Plato's dialogue Meno where he says:^[3]

[...] σὺ δὲ μέντοι ἵσως πρότερον μὲν ᾔδησθα, πρὶν ἐμοῦ ἅψασθαι, νῦν μέντοι ὅμοιος εἶ οὐκ εἰδότι
—[...] certainly you maybe knew anything, before you came in contact with me, now you're certainly similar to a non knowing.

Here, Socrates aims at the change of Meno's opinion, who was a firm believer in his own opinion and whose knowing Socrates disproved before. This also happened with Protagoras, who changed his mind after Socrates' objection.

It is essentially the question that began philosophy. Socrates begins all wisdom with wondering, thus one must begin with admitting one's ignorance.

See also

• Ancient Greek
• Gnothi seauton
• Ignoramus et ignorabimus
• Maieutics
• Münchhausen Trilemma
• Sapere aude
• Unknown unknown

References

1. ^ Michael Stokes: Apology of Socrates, Warminster: Aris & Phillips, 1997, p. 18
2. ^ Plato, Apology 21d.
3. ^ Plato, Meno 80d.

Literature

• Michael Stokes: Apology of Socrates, Warminster: Aris & Phillips, 1997. ISBN 0-85668-371-X