| Music Encyclopedia: Idiophone |
Term for an instrument that produces sound from the substance of the instrument itself, being solid or elastic enough not to require stretched membranes or strings. An idiophone may be struck, plucked, blown or made to vibrate by friction; examples include cymbals, rattles (struck), jew's harps (plucked), sets of wind-chimes (blown) or the glass harmonica (friction).
| Wikipedia: Idiophone |
An idiophone is any musical instrument which creates sound primarily by way of the instrument vibrating itself, without the use of strings or membranes. It is the first of the four main divisions in the original Hornbostel-Sachs scheme of musical instrument classification (see List of idiophones by Hornbostel-Sachs number). Idiophones are probably the oldest type of musical instrument (not counting the human voice). In the early classification of Victor-Charles Mahillon, this group of instruments was called autophones.
Most percussion instruments which are not drums are idiophones. Hornbostel-Sachs divides idiophones into four main sub-categories. The first division is the struck idiophones (sometimes called concussion idiophones). This includes most of the non-drum percussion instruments familiar in the west. They include all idiophones which are made to vibrate by being hit, either directly with a stick or hand (like the wood block, singing bowl, triangle or marimba), or indirectly, by way of a scraping or shaking motion (like maracas or flexatone). Various types of bells fall into both categories.
The other three sub-divisions are rarer. They are plucked idiophones, such as the jew's harp, amplified cactus, kouxian, dan moi, music box or mbira (lamellophone / thumb piano); blown idiophones, of which there are a very small number of examples, the Aeolsklavier being one; and friction idiophones, such as the singing bowl, glass harmonica, glass harp, turntable, verrophone, daxophone, styrophone, musical saw, or nail violin (a number of pieces of metal or wood rubbed with a bow). Other classifications use six main sub-categories, Concussion, Percussion, Rattle, Scraper, Plucked and Friction Idiophones.[1]
A number of idiophones that are normally struck, such as vibraphone bars and cymbals, can also be bowed.
A number of instruments fall into a sub-class within this group, and relate directly to the classification, tuned percussion. They are struck with mallets or with sticks.
They include:
http://www.music.vt.edu/musicdictionary/texti/Idiophone.html
| Hornbostel-Sachs system of musical instrument classification | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
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Idiophone | Membranophone | Chordophone | Aerophone | Electrophone |
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