An immunomodulator is a substance (e. g. a drug) which has an effect on the immune system. There are two types of effects - immunostimulation and immunosuppression.
Most drugs however do not have effects on only one receptor, so an immunomodulator may be at the same time an immunosuppressant and an immunostimulant, on different targets within the immune system.
Products that are not single chemical entities, such as herbal extracts and impure products, may have even greater plurality of effect. Many species of plants, depending on the specific extraction conditions used, have immunomodulatory effects.[1]
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Immunomodulators: Immunosuppressive drugs / Immunosuppressants (L04) |
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Intracellular
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Intracellular
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Serum target
(noncellular)
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Cellular target
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CD3 (Muromonab-CD3, Otelixizumab, Teplizumab, Visilizumab) · CD4 (Clenoliximab, Keliximab, Zanolimumab) · CD11a (Efalizumab) · CD18 (Erlizumab) · CD20 (Afutuzumab, Ocrelizumab, Pascolizumab) · CD23 (Lumiliximab) · CD40 (Teneliximab, Toralizumab) · CD62L/L-selectin (Aselizumab) · CD80 (Galiximab) · CD147/Basigin (Gavilimomab) · CD154 (Ruplizumab)
BLyS (Belimumab) · CTLA-4 (Ipilimumab, Tremelimumab) · CAT (Bertilimumab, Lerdelimumab, Metelimumab) · Integrin (Natalizumab) · Interleukin-6 receptor (Tocilizumab) · LFA-1 (Odulimomab)
IL-2 receptor/CD25 (Basiliximab, Daclizumab, Inolimomab)
T-lymphocyte ( Zolimomab aritox)
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Unsorted
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Atorolimumab, Cedelizumab, Dorlixizumab, Fontolizumab, Gantenerumab, Gomiliximab, Maslimomab, Morolimumab, Pexelizumab, Reslizumab, Rovelizumab, Siplizumab, Talizumab, Telimomab aritox, Vapaliximab, Vepalimomab
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