Initiation: ribosome starts translation at start codon (AUG)

Elongation: amino acid chain gets longer and longer as tRNA bring corresponding amino acids

Termination: ribosome ends translation at stop codon or termination sequence (UAG, UGA, UAA)

Post-translational Modification: protein splicing occurs (intein excission for final protein functionality); N-terminal and C-terminal modification (removed in prokaryotes and acetylated in eukaryotes); chemical modification (phosphorylation/dephosphorylation or glycosylation); protein folding