"IL18" redirects here. For other uses, see
IL-18.
Interleukin-18 also known as IL18 is a protein which in humans is encoded by the IL18 gene.[1][2] The protein encoded by this gene is a proinflammatory cytokine.
Function
IL-18 is a cytokine produced by macrophages and other cells that belongs to the IL-1 superfamily. IL-18 works together with IL-12 to induce cell-mediated immunity following infection with microbial products like lipopolysaccharide (LPS). After stimulation with IL-18, natural killer (NK) cells and certain T cells release another important cytokine called interferon-γ (IFN-γ) or type II interferon that plays an important role in activating the macrophages or other cells.
The combination of this cytokine and IL12 has been shown to inhibit IL4 dependent IgE and IgG1 production, and enhance IgG2a production in B cells. IL-18 binding protein (IL18BP) can specifically interact with this cytokine, and thus negatively regulate its biological activity.[3]
Clinical significance
Apart from its physiological role, IL-18 is also able to induce severe inflammatory reactions, which suggests its role in certain inflammatory disorders.
References
- ^ Okamura H, Tsutsi H, Komatsu T, Yutsudo M, Hakura A, Tanimoto T, Torigoe K, Okura T, Nukada Y, Hattori K (November 1995). "Cloning of a new cytokine that induces IFN-gamma production by T cells". Nature 378 (6552): 88–91. doi:10.1038/378088a0. PMID 7477296.
- ^ Nolan KF, Greaves DR, Waldmann H (July 1998). "The human interleukin 18 gene IL18 maps to 11q22.2-q22.3, closely linked to the DRD2 gene locus and distinct from mapped IDDM loci". Genomics 51 (1): 161–3. doi:10.1006/geno.1998.5336. PMID 9693051.
- ^ "Entrez Gene: IL18 interleukin 18 (interferon-gamma-inducing factor)". http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=3606.
Further reading
- Biet F, Locht C, Kremer L (2002). "Immunoregulatory functions of interleukin 18 and its role in defense against bacterial pathogens.". J. Mol. Med. 80 (3): 147–62. doi:10.1007/s00109-001-0307-1. PMID 11894141.
- Nakanishi K (2002). "[Regulation of Th1 and Th2 immune responses by IL-18]". Kekkaku 77 (2): 87–93. PMID 11905033.
- Reddy P, Ferrara JL (2003). "Role of interleukin-18 in acute graft-vs-host disease.". J. Lab. Clin. Med. 141 (6): 365–71. doi:10.1016/S0022-2143(03)00028-3. PMID 12819633.
- Kanai T, Uraushihara K, Totsuka T, et al. (2003). "Macrophage-derived IL-18 targeting for the treatment of Crohn's disease.". Current drug targets. Inflammation and allergy 2 (2): 131–6. doi:10.2174/1568010033484250. PMID 14561165.
- Matsui K, Tsutsui H, Nakanishi K (2005). "Pathophysiological roles for IL-18 in inflammatory arthritis.". Expert Opin. Ther. Targets 7 (6): 701–24. doi:10.1517/14728222.7.6.701. PMID 14640907.
- Yoshimoto T, Nakanishi K (2006). "Roles of IL-18 in basophils and mast cells.". Allergology international : official journal of the Japanese Society of Allergology 55 (2): 105–13. doi:10.2332/allergolint.55.105. PMID 17075246.
- Orozco A, Gemmell E, Bickel M, Seymour GJ (2007). "Interleukin 18 and periodontal disease.". J. Dent. Res. 86 (7): 586–93. doi:10.1177/154405910708600702. PMID 17586702.
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1j0s: Solution structure of the human interleukin-18
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