Interleukin 33 (IL-33) is a cytokine belonging to the IL-1 superfamily. IL-33 induces helper T cells, mast cells, eosinophils and basophils to produce type 2 cytokines. This cytokine was previously named NF-HEV 'nuclear factor (NF) in high endothelial venules' (HEVs) since it was originally identified in these specialized cells.[1] IL-33 mediates its biological effects by interacting with the receptors ST2 (aka IL1RL1) and IL-1 Receptor Accessory Protein (IL1RAP), activating intracellular molecules in the NF-κB and MAP kinase signaling pathways that drive production of type 2 cytokines (e.g. IL-5 and IL-13) from polarized Th2 cells. The induction of type 2 cytokines by IL-33 in vivo is believed to induce the severe pathological changes observed in mucosal organs following administration of IL-33.[2][3]
References
- ^ Baekkevold ES, Roussigné M, Yamanaka T, Johansen FE, Jahnsen FL, Amalric F, Brandtzaeg P, Erard M, Haraldsen G, Girard JP (July 2003). "Molecular characterization of NF-HEV, a nuclear factor preferentially expressed in human high endothelial venules". Am. J. Pathol. 163 (1): 69–79. PMID 12819012. PMC: 1868188. http://ajp.amjpathol.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=12819012.
- ^ Schmitz J, Owyang A, Oldham E, Song Y, Murphy E, McClanahan TK, Zurawski G, Moshrefi M, Qin J, Li X, Gorman DM, Bazan JF, Kastelein RA (November 2005). "IL-33, an interleukin-1-like cytokine that signals via the IL-1 receptor-related protein ST2 and induces T helper type 2-associated cytokines". Immunity 23 (5): 479–90. doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2005.09.015. PMID 16286016.
- ^ Chackerian AA, Oldham ER, Murphy EE, Schmitz J, Pflanz S, Kastelein RA (August 2007). "IL-1 receptor accessory protein and ST2 comprise the IL-33 receptor complex". J. Immunol. 179 (4): 2551–5. PMID 17675517. http://www.jimmunol.org/cgi/content/abstract/179/4/2551.
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