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Interleukin-4, abbreviated IL-4, is a cytokine that induces differentiation of naive helper T cells (Th0 cells) to Th2 cells. Upon activation by IL-4, Th2 cells subsequently produce additional IL-4. The cell that initially produces IL-4, thus inducing Th0 differentiation, has not been identified, but recent studies (2009) suggest that basophils may be the effector cell[citation needed].
Its receptor is the Interleukin-4 receptor.
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Functions
It has many biological roles, including the stimulation of activated B-cell and T-cell proliferation, and the differentiation of CD4+ T-cells into Th2 cells.
It is a key regulator in humoral and adaptive immunity.
IL-4 induces B-cell class switching to IgE, and up-regulates MHC class II production.
Overproduction of IL-4 is associated with allergies.[1]
History
This cytokine was co-discovered by Maureen Howard and William Paul[2] and by Dr. Ellen Vitetta and her research group in 1982.
The nucleotide sequence for human IL-4 was isolated four years later confirming its similarity to a mouse protein called B-cell stimulatory factor-1 (BCSF-1).[3]
See also
References
- ^ [1]
- ^ Howard M, Paul WE (1982). "Interleukins for B lymphocytes". Lymphokine Res. 1 (1): 1–4. PMID 6985399.
- ^ Yokota T et al. (1986). "Isolation and characterization of a human interleukin cDNA clone, homologous to mouse B-cell stimulatory factor 1, that expresses B-cell- and T-cell-stimulating activities". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 83 (16): 5894–8. doi:. PMID 3016727.
Further reading
- Kay AB, Barata L, Meng Q, et al. (1997). "Eosinophils and eosinophil-associated cytokines in allergic inflammation.". Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. 113 (1-3): 196–9. PMID 9130521.
- Marone G, Florio G, Petraroli A, de Paulis A (2001). "Dysregulation of the IgE/Fc epsilon RI network in HIV-1 infection.". J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 107 (1): 22–30. doi:. PMID 11149986.
- Marone G, Florio G, Triggiani M, et al. (2001). "Mechanisms of IgE elevation in HIV-1 infection.". Crit. Rev. Immunol. 20 (6): 477–96. PMID 11396683.
- Maeda S, Yanagihara Y (2001). "[Inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13)]". Nippon Rinsho 59 (10): 1894–9. PMID 11676128.
- Izuhara K, Arima K, Yasunaga S (2003). "IL-4 and IL-13: their pathological roles in allergic diseases and their potential in developing new therapies.". Current drug targets. Inflammation and allergy 1 (3): 263–9. doi:. PMID 14561191.
- Copeland KF (2006). "Modulation of HIV-1 transcription by cytokines and chemokines.". Mini reviews in medicinal chemistry 5 (12): 1093–101. doi:. PMID 16375755.
- Olver S, Apte S, Baz A, Kienzle N (2007). "The duplicitous effects of interleukin 4 on tumour immunity: how can the same cytokine improve or impair control of tumour growth?". Tissue Antigens 69 (4): 293–8. doi:. PMID 17389011.
- Sokol CL, Chu NQ, Shuang Yu, Simone Nish, Terri Laufer & Ruslan Medzhitov (2009). "Basophils function as antigen-presenting cells for an allergen-induced T helper type 2 response". Nature Immunology 10: 713-720. doi:. PMID 19465907.
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External links
- Recombinant Human Interleukin-4 from Cornell University
- Interleukin-4 from Allergy Glossary at Health On the Net Foundation
- MeSH Interleukin-4
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