The IPS/UPS is a wide area synchronous transmission grid of the CIS countries with a common mode of operation and centralized supervisory control. It has an installed generation capacity of 300 gigawatts, and produces 1200 terawatt-hours annually for its 280 million customers. The system spans 8 time zones.[1]
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History
The creation of the unified power system started in 1956 by interconnecting of power systems of Center and Middle Volga. By 1978, the unified power system included all of the Soviet Union, excluding Central Asia. In addition, in 1979 – 1993 the power systems of Poland, Hungary, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Romania and Bulgaria, now part of the UCTE, operated synchronously with the Unified Power System of USSR. Central Asian countries (excluded Turkmenistan) were included to the integrated system in 2001.[1]
UPS
The Russian portion of the interconnection is known as Unified power system of Russia (UPS) (Russian: Единая энергетическая система России) and includes a six regional transmission operators: ECO Center, ECO South, ECO North-West, ECO Middle Volga, ECO Urals and ECO Siberia. ECO East operates in isolation from UPS of Russia.
UPS of Russia came into existence as a result of Russian Federation Decision #526 dated 11 July 2001 "On the Restructuring of the Russian Federation United Energy System". Up until 1 July 2008 RAO UES operated UPS. It is currently being operated by the Federal Grid Company (FGC UES) of Russia.
IPS
The Integrated Power System (IPS) portion of the network includes the national networks of Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Belarus, Azerbaijan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Georgia, Moldova and Mongolia.[2]
Interconnections with other systems
IPS/UPS is synchronously interconnected with the Baltic countries (BALTSO). In addition, it has an intertie to the NORDEL system via a back to back High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) connection in Finland with a capacity of 900 megawatts[3]. Russia and the EU are considering unifying the IPS/UPS network with the European UCTE interconnection to form a single synchronous super grid spanning 13 time zones.[1]
References
- ^ a b c Sergei Lebed UES of Russia (2005-04-20) (in english) (pdf). IPS/UPS Overview. Brussels: UCTE-IPSUPS Study presentation. p. 5. http://www.ucte-ipsups.org/Pdf/Download/englisch/IPSUPS_Overview_Lebed.pdf. Retrieved 2008-12-07.
- ^ Luther, Matthias (2004). "Reliable electricity system and requested extensions towards CIS and Baltic countries, North Africa and Middle East" (PDF). TEN-E Conference: Developing a Secure and Sustainable Trans European Energy Network. Union for the Co-ordination of Transmission of Electricity. http://www.ucte-ipsups.org/Pdf/Download/englisch/TEN_E_Conference_Brussels.pdf. Retrieved 2008-12-12.
- ^ Haubrich, Hans-Jürgen; Dieter Denzel (2008-10-30). "Interconnected systems in Europe" (in english) (pdf). Operation of Interconnected Power Systems. Aachen: Institute for Electrical Equipment and Power Plants (IAEW) at RWTH Aachen University. p. 16. http://www.iaew.rwth-aachen.de/cms/upload/PDF/Vorlesungen/Denzel/chapter_1.2.pdf. Retrieved 2008-12-06. (See "Operation of Power Systems" link for title page and table of contents.)
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