Isaac Strain

Isaac Grier Strain was born March 4, 1821, in Roxbury, Pennsylvania, of Scots-Irish origin, and died May 14, 1857, in Aspinwall, (alternative name of Colón, Panama) Colombia. At age 17 he joined the U.S. Navy to apprentice at sea; he became a midshipman.

Predisposed to exploration, he participated in an 1843 (1845 by some sources) exploratory expedition to the interior of Brazil, Province of San Paulo. By 1848, Strain was exploring the peninsula of Lower California, thence to work with the Mexican boundary commission. He was promoted to lieutenant in 1850; was Corresponding Member of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia; the Historical and Geographical Institute of Brazil; and the American Ethnological Society of New York. As such, and in 1849 exploring parts of South America, he wrote Cordillera and Pampa, Mountain and Plain: Sketches of a Journey in Chili and The Argentine Provinces in 1849, published in New York in 1853.

Leading a United States at peace, and in exercise of Manifest Destiny to expand from the Atlantic seaboard to the Pacific Ocean, U. S. President Franklin Pierce, taking office in 1852, envisioned an Atlantic to Pacific ship canal route through the Isthmus of Darién, a region also known as the Darién Gap, located in Colombia, presently Panama. Henceforth, Secretary of the Navy James C. Dobbin in late 1853 ordered Lieutenant Strain, by then known for skilled exploration, to form and lead the United States Navy Darién Exploring Expedition [1] into the Isthmus of Darién which started on January 20, 1854.

It was in the densely jungled Darién that France and England, to their national purposes, had sent explorers of their own. The Englishman Gisborne had put pen to perhaps fallacious or inaccurate, but certainly misleading, journals that would lend ambiguity to Strain's route for traversing the Gap. The Strain party, in part proceeding upon Gisborne's records, wandered circuitously, split, and became plagued by deteriorating equipment, unreliable native guides, malnourishment, foot-sores, flesh-embedding parasites, and infectious tropical diseases; six of Strain's party of 27 died by starvation. The ill-fated and courageous expedition contributed to future establishments of land routes, railroad, and the eventual linking of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans by a Panama Canal completed in 1914.

Notes

• Commander Matthew Fontaine Maury of the United States Naval Observatory pushed hard for the Darién Expedition (as he also did with William Lewis Herndon's exploration of the Valley of the Amazon ) to the Secretary of the Navy. His _nephew_, Lieutenant John Minor Maury U.S.N., (not to be confused with Lieutenant John Minor Maury U.S.N., M. F. Maury's _brother_ who died of malaria while in the U. S. Navy) had been working at the Naval Observatory with his uncle Matthew and was well prepared with both knowledge and equipment. Lieutenant Maury was appointed by Strain as the expedition's 1st assistant-engineer, as well as assistant-astronomer and secretary. Lieutenant Strain later worked on another project for Commander M F Maury, taking depth "soundings" of the ocean floor of the Atlantic Ocean that were compiled into sea-floor charts.
• The U.S. Naval Observatory was also known as the National Observatory. Both terms were used for ten years until an order was finally passed down to use Naval Observatory. This is why many old writings of that time use "National Observatory", the original name given when President John Quincy Adams signed the bill for its creation.

References

• [2] Darien Exploring Expedition United States Navy of 1854.

• Balf, Todd; The Darkest Jungle: The True Story of The Darien Expedition and America's Ill-Fated Race to Connect The Seas, 2003, Crown Publishers, New York, ISBN 0-609-60989-0.
• Crosby, Hon. Nathan; Annual Obituary Notices of Eminent Persons who Have Died in the United States Navy, for 1857, Boston: Phillips, Sampson & Company, 1858, Appendix to v. [1] (p.[408]-432) includes obituary notices for the years 1851 to 1857.
• Strain, Isaac G.; Cordillera and Pampa, Mountain and Plain: Sketches of a Journey in Chili and The Argentine Provinces in 1849, New York: Horace H. Moore, 1853; Lightning Source, Inc., 2007, ISBN 0548372756; ISBN 9780548372753.