| Isopentane | |
|---|---|
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| IUPAC name |
2-Methylbutane
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| Other names | Methylbutane |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS number | 78-78-4  |
| RTECS number | EK4430000 |
| SMILES |
C(C)CCC
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| Properties | |
| Molecular formula | C5H12 |
| Molar mass | 72.15 g/mol |
| Appearance | colorless liquid |
| Density | 0.616 g/ml, liquid[1] |
| Melting point |
−159.9 °C (113.3 K)[1] |
| Boiling point |
27.7 °C (300.9 K)[1] |
| Solubility in water | Immiscible |
| Thermochemistry | |
| Std enthalpy of formation ΔfH |
−179 kJ/mol |
| Std enthalpy of combustion ΔcH |
−3504 kJ/mol |
| Standard molar entropy S |
260.7 J·K−1·mol−1 |
| Hazards | |
| EU classification | Highly flammable (F+) Harmful (Xn) Dangerous for the environment (N) |
| R-phrases | R12, R51/53, R65, R66, R67 |
| S-phrases | (S2), S9, S16, S29, S33, S61, S62 |
| NFPA 704 |
 4
1
0
|
| Flash point | <−51 °C |
| Autoignition temperature |
420 °C |
| Explosive limits | 1.4–7.6% |
| Related compounds | |
| Related alkane | Isobutane Neopentane 2-Methylpentane |
| Related compounds | Pentane Cyclopentane |
| (what is this?) (verify) Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) |
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| Infobox references | |
Isopentane, C5H12, also called methylbutane or 2-methylbutane, is a branched-chain alkane with five carbon atoms. Isopentane is an extremely volatile and extremely flammable liquid at room temperature and pressure. The normal boiling point is just a few degrees above room temperature and isopentane will readily boil and evaporate away on a warm day. Isopentane is commonly used in conjunction with liquid nitrogen to achieve a liquid bath temperature of -160 °C.
Contents |
Nomenclature
Isopentane is the name recommended by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) in its 1993 Recommendations for the Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry.[2] It is one of only four acyclic hydrocarbons to retain its pre-IUPAC name.
Isomers
Isopentane is one of three structural isomers with the molecular formula C5H12, the others being pentane and neopentane.
References
- ^ a b c James Wei (1999), Molecular Symmetry, Rotational Entropy, and Elevated Melting Points. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., volume 38 issue 12, pp. 5019–5027 {{doi:10.1021/ie990588m}}
- ^ Panico, R.; & Powell, W. H. (Eds.) (1994). A Guide to IUPAC Nomenclature of Organic Compounds 1993. Oxford: Blackwell Science. ISBN 0-632-03488-2. http://www.acdlabs.com/iupac/nomenclature/93/r93_679.htm.
External links
- International Chemical Safety Card 1153
- IUPAC Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry (online version of the "Blue Book")
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