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J. Michael Bailey

 
Business Biographies: Michael J. Bailey
Home > Library > Business & Finance > Business Biographies
(1948–)

Chief executive officer, Compass Group

Nationality: British.

Born: October 14, 1948, in United Kingdom.

Education: Westminster College.

Family: Son of Sidney William Bailey and Joyce Mary (maiden name unknown); married (wife's name unknown; separated); children: two.

Career: Gardner Merchant, 1964–1985, food service manager, then later executive director; 1985–1991, president of U.S. subsidiary; 1991–1992, managing director of contract feeding business; Nutrition Management Food Services Company, 1992, executive vice president; Compass Group, 1993–1994, group development director; 1994–1999, CEO of North America Division; 1999–, CEO.

Address: Compass Group, Compass House, Guildford Street, Chertsey, Surrey KT16 9BQ, United Kingdom; http://www.compass-group.com.

Michael J. Bailey had a long career in the food service industry: from his first job as a canteen chef he rose through the ranks to become the group chief executive of Compass Group, one of the world's largest catering and franchise food-brand companies. Bailey helped turn the small UK-based catering company into an international market leader; Compass Group became an FTSE 100 company with over 375,000 employees in 90 countries and annual revenues of more than £10 billion.

Early Career

Bailey originally left school at the age of 15 because he was fed up with classes; he quickly found a job as a canteen chef at a Ford Motor Company facility in the United Kingdom. He also served as a chef for British troops stationed in Afghanistan. Bailey eventually returned to school, graduating from Westminster College in London and attending a number of additional classes and lectures on business topics.

In 1964 Bailey moved to the large catering company Gardner Merchant and slowly worked his way up the corporate ladder.

He started out as a food service manager; in 1985 he became the president of the company's U.S. subsidiary, helping it increase in value from $40 million to $225 million. In 1991 Bailey became the managing director of Gardner Merchant's contract feeding business. In 1992 he left to become an executive vice president of Nutrition Management Food Services Company in the United States.

Compass Group

Bailey then joined Compass Group in 1993 as group development director. Compass Group evolved out of the company Factory Canteens, which was established in 1941 in the United Kingdom to provide the compulsory hot meal that was guaranteed to wartime munitions workers. Acquired by Grand Metropolitan (later Diageo) in 1960, the firm became Grand-Met Catering before being relaunched in 1984 as Compass Services. Compass Group was then formed from Grand Metropolitan in 1987 as a management buyout, listing on the London Stock Exchange in 1988.

In the early 1990s Compass Group was almost wholly a UK-based concern, with 99 percent of its business being done in the United Kingdom; the remaining 1 percent consisted of catering for a remote Alaskan site. The UK market was entering a period of recession so the company decided on a program of overseas expansion. Compass Group acquired both Scandinavian Service Partner and Letheby & Christopher, the UKbased sports and events food-service provider, in 1993.

Bailey was a key player in Compass Group's new strategy. As group development director he brought into existence the branded food-service subsidiary New Famous Foods, which sold both the company's own brands—such as Ritazza, Upper Crust, and StopGap—and franchised brands such as Burger King. The use of branded products proved to be a great success for Compass: familiar brands offered the consumer security and a set of expectations that would be consistently fulfilled; if quality was maintained, satisfaction with the brand would grow.

Compass developed Ritazza, its international café brand, to branch out into the growing market for espresso and gourmet coffee. In 1998 only a single outlet sold Ritazza coffee; by 2004 the brand was being sold in 20 countries at over 1,600 locations, including airports, universities, hospitals, and shopping malls. The StopGap brand provided European customers with American-style convenience-store products, including snacks, confectionaries, books, magazines, and even gifts and greeting cards. Sales of StopGap products spread quickly across 13 countries; the brand was sold in the education, health-care, travel, business, and industry sectors.

Bailey was instrumental in the 1994 buyout of Canteen Corporation from the U.S. company Flagstar. At the time Canteen was the largest vending company in the world, and its acquisition opened up new opportunities for the marketing and distribution of Compass brand products. Compass Group acquired other companies as well, such as Eurest International in 1995, which specialized in the delivery of meals for business and industry as well as in offshore and remote-site service, such as for the armed forces.

Bailey became chief executive of Compass Group's North America Division from 1994 to 1999, during which time the division nearly tripled its sales and profits. Bailey moved back to the United Kingdom in July 1999 when he was appointed group chief executive. As CEO he was to oversee the complicated merger and subsequent demerger of Compass with Granada, which forged the world's largest food-service company.

Granada Compass—briefly

The hospitality and media company Granada wished to shed the hospitality side of its business, and Compass was interested in the food-service portion of that division. The merger brought about by Bailey was rather complex and at first caused some shareholder confusion, especially due to uncertainty regarding the share price. A straight sale would have come with a large tax bill, however, so a plan to merge the two companies was put into motion, creating Granada Compass. The companies then demerged, with Compass retaining the hospitality portions of Granada; the arrangement saved Compass over £1 billion in taxation.

As Bailey told FoodChain Magazine, "What we were left with were the existing Compass businesses plus Granada's very successful Sutcliffe Catering business and motorway and roadside food-service outlets—and a hotel portfolio valued by the market at approximately £3 billion" (May/June 2001). Yet many shareholders were unhappy with the merger, seeing Compass's entry into the hotel industry as a potential liability; in response those assets were later sold for over £1.4 billion.

Management Style

Bailey saw growth and globalization as the keys to the contract food business. In an interview with the Wall Street Transcript Bailey noted that clients were looking for a single point of contact—a company that could provide all of their foodservice needs in all of their locations without any hassle and could deal with any problems or issues that might arise. Through continued expansion and increased diversity within the framework of contract food, Bailey deemed Compass able to deliver such service.

Greater size gave Compass the ability to leverage purchasing and the flexibility clients demanded—as well as savings in terms of economies of scale. Bailey noted that the contract food market was vast, with plenty of room for further growth. As new manufacturing concerns were born in developing countries, the demand for employee meals grew. Bailey felt Compass to be ideally positioned as an established, reliable, global outsourcing food caterer that could provide all of the services required by new customers.

Bailey offset international expansion with reductions in overhead costs. Under his leadership Compass sold off many of their physical assets in order to focus on the core business of food service. While Compass needed to retain depots, vehicles, and vending machines—as well as restaurants in airports, museums, and stadiums—the largest portion of the company's business remained outsourced contract catering, where the equipment and premises of others were used, which reduced overhead costs. Bailey told Food Chain magazine, "Essentially our business is about providing a better-quality service cheaper than a self operator" (May/June 2001).

Bailey saw employee happiness and motivation as key in Compass Group's service-oriented industry. A share-investment incentive was launched in 2001 to help employees "share in the success" of the company; the scheme included a share savings plan for all permanent employees. Compass introduced a "great ideas" competition to reward innovative employees, with a prize of one hundred shares. Such promotions created additional challenges, however, when share prices fell upon the announcement of the merger with GrandMet. A dropping stock value had the potential to demotivate employees, so Bailey introduced a biannual video in which he personally explained the business results of such occurrences to staff.

Moto

An example of the innovative branding and marketing undertaken by Compass during Bailey's tenure was the Moto brand. One of the assets gained by Compass after the merger/demerger with Granada was a chain of 47 motorway service stations. These had reputations as poor-quality, overpriced rest stops that relied on the captive nature of the motorway-bound consumer. While some considered these stations to be a liability, Bailey saw them as a goldmine. The stations were given total makeovers in terms of image, product lines, and service, and renamed Moto; Compass found these stations to be the perfect sites at which to sell more of its branded products. Familiar goods at standard—not gouging—prices counteracted the negative assumptions customers had previously held with regard to motorway outlets.

The most popular feature instituted at Moto was the continual maintenance of clean restrooms. The company found that the majority of their customers headed straight for the restrooms. Dirty facilities could easily turn customers away from food; when restrooms were clean and hygienic, motorists were more likely to stay and eat. The changes to the motorway service stations were modeled after the successful Italian autostrada rest areas, and the name Moto was chosen to evoke an association with those popular stops.

Commentators remarked that Bailey had statistics at his fingertips and could always offer facts and examples from his long history in the food-service business to support his case in an argument. Throughout his career Bailey remained passionate about food. He loved to cook—and eat—and knew he was not alone. He told the Mail on Sunday, "People will always want to eat. All that stuff about us living off pills is nonsense. It will never happen in my lifetime" (January 6, 2002). In Bailey's opinion the demand for food would be a constant if not increasing need, and he helped Compass to satisfy an ever-growing portion of that demand.

Sources for Further Information

Bailey, Michael, "Compass Group PLC, CEO Interview," Wall Street Transcript, August 27, 2001, http://www.twst.com/ceos/cpg_l.html.

Carlino, Bill, "Flik International Corp.: Walking the Fine Line between a Family Operation and a Growing Corporation—Compass Group USA," Nation's Restaurant News, March 2, 1998, http://articles.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m3190/is_n9_v32/ai_20354009.

"From office chef to global sandwich maker," The City Interview, Mail on Sunday, January 6, 2002, also available at http://www.thisismoney.com/20020106/nm42477.html.

O'Hanlon, John, "Broad Compass—Part One," Food Chain Magazine Online, May/June 2001, http://www.foodchainmagazine.com/0106/01-compass.html.

——, "Broad Compass—Part Two," Food Chain Magazine Online, July/August 2001, http://www.foodchainmagazine.com/0108/ad_compass.html.

—David Tulloch

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Wikipedia: J. Michael Bailey
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Home > Library > Miscellaneous > Wikipedia
J Michael Bailey
Born July 2, 1957 (1957-07-02) (age 52)
Lubbock, Texas
Nationality American
Occupation Professor psychology, Northwestern University

John Michael Bailey (born July 2, 1957 in Lubbock, Texas) is an American psychologist and professor at Northwestern University. He is best known among scientists for his work on the etiology of sexual orientation, from which he concluded that homosexuality is substantially inherited.[1][2][3] He also wrote The Man Who Would Be Queen, which has elicited reactions ranging from strong criticism to a nomination for an award, later retracted[4], from the Lambda Literary Foundation, an organization that promotes gay literature.

Contents

Background and career

Bailey was born in Lubbock, Texas. He obtained his Bachelor of Arts degree in mathematics from Washington University in 1979 and his Ph.D. in clinical psychology from the University of Texas at Austin in 1989, where he studied under behavioral genetics researcher Lee Willerman.[5]

Bailey became a professor at Northwestern University in 1989. In the 1990s, Bailey published several papers that suggested a heritable component for sexual orientation. In 2003 he published The Man Who Would Be Queen.

In October 2004, Bailey resigned as chairman of the Psychology Department. Bailey still serves as a Northwestern professor.[6]

Research & Criticisms

Bailey is well-known for research involving biology and sexual orientation. In the early 1990s Bailey and Richard Pillard coauthored a series of twin studies which examined the rate of concordance of sexual identity among monozygotic twins (52% concordance), dizygotic twins of the same sex (22%), non-twin siblings of the same sex, and adoptive siblings of the same sex (11%).[7][8]

Another line of Bailey's research has concerned the ways that homosexuals are sex-atypical (or gender nonconforming) compared with heterosexuals, as well as the ways that homosexuals are sex-typical and gender conforming. For example, he published a meta-analysis showing that on average, homosexual men and women recall being much more gender nonconforming children, compared with heterosexual children.[9] In contrast, he also showed that for many traits related to mating (such as interest in casual sex, and emphasis on a partner's physical attractiveness), homosexuals appear to be similar to heterosexuals of their own sex.[10] Recently, he has researched the gaydar phenomenon.[11]

A third line of research has examined sexual arousal patterns and their relation to sexual orientation in men and women. This research has focused on both genital and self-reported sexual arousal measures. For example, Bailey's lab showed that men's genital sexual arousal patterns closely tracked their sexual orientations, but women's did not.[12] In 2005 this research produced a study which questioned whether male bisexuality exists in the way that it is sometimes described; the study was based on results of penile plethysmograph testing. The testing found that of men who identified themselves as bisexual, 75% were only aroused genitally by homosexual imagery, and 25% were only aroused genitally by heterosexual imagery. They concluded: "Male bisexuality appears primarily to represent a style of interpreting or reporting sexual arousal rather than a distinct pattern of genital sexual arousal."[13] The study received wide attention after a New York Times piece on the study.[14]

The article and study were criticized by gay and bisexual groups[15] and by FAIR.[16] Critics argued the sample size was relatively small, consisting of one hundred (100) men. Also, all of these subjects were "self-selected", from ads placed in gay and "alternative" publications. Then the researchers had to disregard results of thirty-five percent (35%) of this population, as non-responders.[13] Agreeing with the author's conclusion that bisexuality is a subjective experience, the late Dr. Fritz Klein, a sex researcher and the author of The Bisexual Option argued that "social and emotional attraction are very important elements in bisexual attraction."[14]

Bailey's sexual arousal work was attacked by The Washington Times and some socially conservative commentators as prurient and a waste of taxpayer dollars.[17] Bailey[18] and his defenders [19] have responded that studying sexual arousal patterns is important in understanding human sexuality, especially sexual orientation.

Recently, Bailey's lab has begun to study sexual orientation and sexual arousal using fMRI.[20]

Bailey has been interested in the evolutionary paradox of the persistence of homosexuality. “Male homosexuality is evolutionarily maladaptive,” he told the New York Times which also noted that Bailey intended "that the phrase means only that genes favoring homosexuality cannot be favored by evolution if fewer such genes reach the next generation." [21]

In an article coauthored with Aaron Greenberg, he suggested that allowing parents to choose the sexual orientation of their children is morally acceptable, provided the means used to accomplished that goal are themselves morally acceptable.[22] (For example, killing infants who will become homosexual would obviously be wrong. The acceptability of aborting "gay fetuses" would depend on whether one believed that abortion, per se, is morally acceptable.) Alice Dreger criticized Greenberg's and Bailey's argument[23] and they responded.[24]

According to the Web of Science, Bailey's works have been cited nearly 1800 times and he has an h-index of 23.[25]

The Man Who Would Be Queen

Main article: The Man Who Would Be Queen

Bailey's book The Man Who Would Be Queen: The Science of Gender Bending and Transsexualism was published in 2003.[26] In it, Bailey reviewed evidence that male homosexuality is innate, a result of heredity and prenatal environment. He also reviewed the theory of Ray Blanchard that there are two unrelated forms of transsexualism, one that is an extreme type of homosexuality and one that is an expression of a paraphilia known as autogynephilia. Written in a popular science style, the book summarized research supporting Bailey's opinions.

The book generated considerable controversy. Helen Boyd explained what might have motivated some to object to the book:[27]

In the crossdressing community, the man who admits he is turned on by his dressing is still considered a pervert. The autogynephilic transsexual will not receive the same sympathy for her transsexualism as the non-autogynephilic transsexual. That's exactly what makes Bailey's book so dangerous: it allows transsexual women to be condemned by our society for having "perverse" sexual arousal patterns.
—Helen Boyd

In response to such criticisms, Bailey reiterated a line from his book: "True acceptance of the transgendered requires that we truly understand who they are."[28]

A transgender woman that he described in the book filed a complaint with Northwestern University alleging that her many discussions with Bailey about his view of transwomen and the book he was writing made her a non-consensual subject of IRB-regulated research by Bailey, and that during this time, she had consensual sex with him.[29] Northwestern did not pursue the accusations.[30] Transsexual professors Lynn Conway and Deirdre McCloskey filed a complaint against Bailey with Illinois state regulators, alleging that he practiced psychology without a license by providing brief case evaluation letters suggesting candidacy for sex reassignment surgery; however, the department did not pursue those allegations.[31] At least two women who said they were subjects in his book filed a complaint with Northwestern alleging that Bailey committed scientific misconduct by not informing them that they were to be the subjects of research used in the writing of his book.[32][33] Northwestern did investigate this allegation. Although the findings of that investigation were not released,[34] Northwestern’s Vice President for Research, C. Bradley Moore, said, "The allegations of scientific misconduct made against Professor J. Michael Bailey do not fall under the federal definition of scientific misconduct."[35] and that the university "has established a protocol to help ensure that Professor Bailey’s research activities involving human subjects are conducted in accordance with the expectations of the University, the regulations and guidelines established by the federal government and with generally accepted research standards."[35] Bailey says that he did nothing wrong and that the attacks on him were motivated by the desire to suppress discussion of the book's ideas about transsexualism, especially autogynephilia.[36]

Alice Dreger, an activist on issues affecting people who are intersex and a Northwestern University associate professor, published an account of the controversy[37] in the Archives of Sexual Behavior. According to Dreger, the allegations of misconduct could accurately be described as "harassment",[38] and an "anti-Bailey campaign".[37] Dreger wrote that of the four women who complained to Northwestern, two acknowledged that they were aware they would be included in Bailey's book in their letter to the university. The other two were not described in the book. Dreger also reported that while there was no definitive evidence to refute the allegation of sexual misconduct, datestamps on e-mails between Bailey and his ex-wife indicated that he was at her home looking after their two children at the time the misconduct was said to have occurred. The journal published in the same issue 23 commentaries regarding multiple aspects of the controversy, including criticism of Dreger's analysis.[39]

Outside of the transsexual community and sexology researchers, this controversy is largely notable because of its implications for academic freedom and freedom of speech. In an interview with The New York Times, Dreger said, "If we're going to have research at all, then we’re going to have people saying unpopular things, and if this is what happens to them, then we've got problems not only for science but free expression itself."[31] While one critic compared his work to Nazi propaganda, and another posted pictures of his children on her website with sexually explicit captions, other critics believe that their actions against Bailey and his book represent legitimate comment on a topic of public interest.[40]

Appearances in news media

Bailey and his work were featured prominently in a Boston Globe story by Neil Swidey entitled "What Makes People Gay?"[41] That story was included in the 2006 volume of "The Best American Science Writing."[42]

Bailey and his lab were also prominent in the CBS News 60 Minutes story "Gay or Straight?,"[43] which first aired on March 12, 2006 and was the most popular news story on the CBS News website the following week.[44] This story provoked reactions ranging from "fantastic and fascinating" by gay author Jeremy Hooper at the Good As You blog[45] to negative comments from gay author David Ehrenstein, who noted the show was "replete with the sort of clichés about gay men and effeminacy that haven’t been seen in a network news context since the 1967 CBS broadcast The Homosexuals."[46] Shari Finkelstein, the producer of the "Gay or Straight" segment, responded: "We were aware of the controversy surrounding Michael Bailey's book, and we looked into all the allegations before we decided to interview him for the story...." She concluded: "We didn't feel there was anything that disqualified him from being interviewed. And in fact, his work is highly regarded by all of the researchers in the field who we spoke with, and we felt that he was a very worthy person to discuss these issues."[47]

References

  1. ^ Bailey JM, Pillard RC, Neale MC, Agyei Y. (1993 ). Heritable factors influence sexual orientation in women. Archives of General Psychiatry, 50, 217–223.
  2. ^ Bailey JM, Pillard, RC. (1995). Genetics of human sexual orientation. Annual Review of Sex Research, 6, 126-150.
  3. ^ Bailey JM, Dunne MP, Martin NG. (2000). Genetic and environmental influences on sexual orientation and its correlates in an Australian twin sample Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78, 524–536.
  4. ^ "Letter to New York Times, Sept 20, 2007". Press Room. Lambda Literary Foundation. http://www.lambdaliterary.org/archives/archives.html. 
  5. ^ "Professional profile". Northwestern University. February 4, 2008. http://www.psych.northwestern.edu/psych/people/faculty/bailey/personal.html. 
  6. ^ Davis, Andrew (December 8, 2004). "Northwestern Sex Researcher Investigated, Results Unknown". WindyCity Times. http://www.windycitymediagroup.com/gay/lesbian/news/ARTICLE.php?AID=6810. 
  7. ^ Bailey JM, Pillard RC (1991). "A genetic study of male sexual orientation". Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 48 (12): 1089–96. PMID 1845227. 
  8. ^ Bailey JM, Benishay DS (1993). "Familial aggregation of female sexual orientation". Am J Psychiatry 150 (2): 272–7. PMID 8422079. 
  9. ^ Bailey, J. M. & Zucker, K. J. (1995). Childhood sex-typed behavior and sexual orientation: A conceptual analysis and quantitative review. Developmental Psychology, 31, 43-55.
  10. ^ Bailey JM, Gaulin S, Agyei Y, Gladue BA (June 1994). "Effects of gender and sexual orientation on evolutionarily relevant aspects of human mating psychology". J Pers Soc Psychol 66 (6): 1081–93. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.66.6.1081. PMID 8046578. http://content.apa.org/journals/psp/66/6/1081. 
  11. ^ Rieger G, Linsenmeier JA, Gygax L, Bailey JM (January 2008). "Sexual orientation and childhood gender nonconformity: evidence from home videos". Dev Psychol 44 (1): 46–58. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.44.1.46. PMID 18194004. 
  12. ^ [1]
  13. ^ a b Rieger G, Chivers ML, Bailey JM (2005). "Sexual arousal patterns of bisexual men". Psychological science : a journal of the American Psychological Society / APS 16 (8): 579–84. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2005.01578.x. PMID 16102058. 
  14. ^ a b Carey, Benedict (July 5, 2005). "Straight, Gay or Lying? Bisexuality Revisited". New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2005/07/05/health/05sex.html. 
  15. ^ National Gay and Lesbian Task Force (July 2005). The Problems with "Gay, Straight, or Lying?" (PDF) Retrieved July 24, 2006.
  16. ^ FAIR (July 8, 2005). New York Times Suggests Bisexuals Are "Lying": Paper fails to disclose study author's controversial history.
  17. ^ [2]
  18. ^ [3]
  19. ^ [4]
  20. ^ Safron A, Barch B, Bailey JM, Gitelman DR, Parrish TB, Reber PJ (April 2007). "Neural correlates of sexual arousal in homosexual and heterosexual men". Behav. Neurosci. 121 (2): 237–48. doi:10.1037/0735-7044.121.2.237. PMID 17469913. 
  21. ^ [5]
  22. ^ [6]
  23. ^ [7]
  24. ^ [8]
  25. ^ Web of Science, accessed November 7, 2009
  26. ^ Bailey, J. Michael (2003). The Man Who Would Be Queen: The Science of Gender-Bending and Transsexualism. Joesph Henry Press, ISBN 978-0-309-08418-5
  27. ^ Helen Boyd (2003). My husband Betty: love, sex, and life with a crossdresser. Thunder's Mouth Press. http://books.google.com/books?id=vCT70HjI_a4C&pg=PA139&dq=bailey%27s+book+autogynephilia+gender&lr=&as_brr=0&ei=ZilKSLXOJYP6sQOz7OXnDQ&sig=IUS7xJ9DDKFs_xkl_ciXb3_OOe8. 
  28. ^ [9]
  29. ^ Wilson, R. (2003, Dec. 19). Northwestern U. psychologist accused of having sex with research subject. The Chronicle of Higher Education, p. 17.
  30. ^ Barlow, G. (2003, Dec. 17). NU professor faces sexual allegations. Chicago Free Press.
  31. ^ a b Carey, Benedict. (2007-08-21.) "Criticism of a Gender Theory, and a Scientist Under Siege." New York Times via nytimes.com. Retrieved on 2007-09-19.
  32. ^ Wilson, R. (2003, July 25). Transsexual 'subjects' complain about professors' research methods. The Chronicle of Higher Education, p. 10.
  33. ^ Associated Press (July 26, 2003 ), "Transsexuals accuse professor of research misconduct"
  34. ^ Wilson, R. (2004, Dec. 10). "Northwestern U. Will Not Reveal Results of Investigation Into Sex Researcher." The Chronicle of Higher Education, p. 10.
  35. ^ a b Dreger, A. D. (2008). The controversy surrounding The man who would be queen: A case history of the politics of science, identity, and sex in the Internet age. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 37, 366-421. Also available at [10].
  36. ^ "Academic McCarthyism". http://web.archive.org/web/20070807075502/http://www.chron.org/tools/viewarticle.php?artid=1248. Retrieved 2008-07-27. 
  37. ^ a b Dr. Alice Dreger, Medical Humanities & Bioethics Program at Northwestern University "The Controversy Surrounding The Man Who Would Be Queen: A Case History On the Politics of Science, Identity and Sex in the Internet Age"
  38. ^ Carey, Benedict (2007-08-21). "Criticism of a Gender Theory, and a Scientist Under Siege". New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2007/08/21/health/psychology/21gender.html?pagewanted=1. Retrieved 2008-06-26. "“What happened to Bailey is important, because the harassment was so extraordinarily bad and because it could happen to any researcher in the field,” said Alice Dreger, an ethics scholar and patients’ rights advocate at Northwestern who, after conducting a lengthy investigation of Dr. Bailey’s actions, has concluded that he is essentially blameless." 
  39. ^ Archives of Sexual Behavior. 2008, volume 37, 365–510. Some critical commentaries have been made available on-line by their authors: Deirdre McCloskey's Politics in Scholarly Drag: Dreger’s Assault on the Critics of Bailey, Julia Serano's A Matter of Perspective: A Transsexual Woman-Centric Critique of Dreger’s ‘‘Scholarly History’’ of the Bailey Controversy.
  40. ^ Carey, Benedict (2007-08-21). "Criticism of a Gender Theory, and a Scientist Under Siege". New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2007/08/21/health/psychology/21gender.html?pagewanted=1. Retrieved 2008-06-26. "“Nothing we have done, I believe, and certainly nothing I have done, overstepped any boundaries of fair comment on a book and an author who stepped into the public arena with enthusiasm to deliver a false and unscientific and politically damaging opinion,” Deirdre McCloskey, a professor of economics, history, English, and communication at the University of Illinois at Chicago, and one of Dr. Bailey’s principal critics, said in an e-mail message." 
  41. ^ Swidey, N. (2005, Aug. 14). [11]
  42. ^ [12]
  43. ^ [13]
  44. ^ [14]
  45. ^ Hooper, Jeremy (March 13, 2006). Go watch, don't Stahl: '60 Minutes' airs fantastic piece on nature vs. nurture Good As You
  46. ^ Ehrenstein, David (April 6, 2006). Kinder, gentler homophobia. The Advocate
  47. ^ [15]

Other selected bibliography

  • Bailey JM, Miller JS, Willerman L (1993). "Maternally rated childhood gender nonconformity in homosexuals and heterosexuals". Archives of Sexual Behavior 22 (5): 461–9. doi:10.1007/BF01542559. PMID 8239975. 
  • Greenberg AS, Bailey JM (1993). Do biological explanations of homosexuality have moral, legal, or policy implications? Journal of Sex Research, 30, 245-251.
  • Bailey JM, Zucker KJ (1995). Childhood sex-typed behavior and sexual orientation: A conceptual analysis and quantitative review. Developmental Psychology, 31, 43-55.
  • Bailey JM, Nothnagel J, Wolfe M (1995). "Retrospectively measured individual differences in childhood sex-typed behavior among gay men: Correspondence between self- and maternal reports". Archives of Sexual Behavior 24 (6): 613–22. doi:10.1007/BF01542183. PMID 8572910. 
  • Bailey JM (1995). "Sexual orientation revolution". Nature Genetics 11 (4): 353–4. doi:10.1038/ng1295-353. PMID 7493006. 
  • Dunne MP, Martin NG, Bailey JM, et al. (1997). "Participation bias in a sexuality survey: psychological and behavioural characteristics of responders and non-responders". International Journal of Epidemiology 26 (4): 844–54. doi:10.1093/ije/26.4.844. PMID 9279618. 
  • Bailey JM (1999). "Homosexuality and mental illness". Archives of General Psychiatry 56 (10): 883–4. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.56.10.883. PMID 10530627. 
  • Bailey JM, Pillard RC, Dawood K, et al. (1999). "A family history study of male sexual orientation using three independent samples". Behavior Genetics 29 (2): 79–86. doi:10.1023/A:1021652204405. PMID 10405456. 
  • Bailey JM (2003). The Man Who Would Be Queen: The Science of Gender-Bending and Transsexualism. Washington, D.C: Joseph Henry Press. ISBN 0-309-08418-0. 

See also

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