The jōyō kanji (常用漢字) is the guide to kanji characters announced officially by the Japanese Ministry of Education. Current jōyō kanji are those on a list of 1,945 characters issued on October 10, 1981. It is a slightly modified version of the tōyō kanji, which was the initial list of secondary school-level kanji standardized after World War II.
The 1,945 kanji in the jōyō kanji consist of:
- 1,006 kanji taught in primary school (these are known as the kyōiku kanji)
- 939 more kanji taught in secondary school
In Japan, by law, newspapers using kanji outside the jōyō kanji list must append them with furigana.[1]
Contents |
Changes from the tōyō kanji
The jōyō kanji list added 95 kanji not included in the tōyō kanji. Additionally, the character 燈 of the tōyō kanji was replaced by the simplified form 灯.
The kanji found among the jōyō kanji but not the tōyō kanji are listed here:
- 猿 凹 渦 靴 稼 拐 涯 垣 殻 潟 喝 褐 缶 頑 挟 矯 襟 隅 渓 蛍 嫌 洪 溝 昆 崎 皿 桟 傘 肢 遮 蛇 酌 汁 塾 尚 宵 縄 壌 唇 甚 据 杉 斉 逝 仙 栓 挿 曹 槽 藻 駄 濯 棚 挑 眺 釣 塚 漬 亭 偵 泥 搭 棟 洞 凸 屯 把 覇 漠 肌 鉢 披 扉 猫 頻 瓶 雰 塀 泡 俸 褒 朴 僕 堀 磨 抹 岬 妄 厄 癒 悠 羅 竜 戻 枠
History
- 1923: Ministry of Education specified 1,962 kanji and 154 simplified characters.
- 1931: The former Jōyō kanji was revised and 1,858 characters were specified.
- 1942: 1,134 characters as standard Jōyō kanji and 1,320 characters as sub-Jōyō kanji were specified.
- 1946: The 1,850 characters of tōyō kanji were adopted by law "as those most essential for common use and everyday communication"[2]. This list included 881 'basic requirement' kanji for elementary school.
- 1981: The 1,945 characters of 'jōyō kanji' were adopted, replacing the list of 'tōyō kanji'.[3]
- 2009: The list is expected to be revised to include an additional 196 characters and remove 5 characters (勺, 銑, 脹, 錘, and 匁), for a total of 2,136. As of 23 October 2009[update], the 196 additional characters planned for inclusion are:[4]
- 媛 怨 鬱 唄 淫 咽 茨 彙 椅 萎 畏 嵐 宛 顎 曖 挨 韓 鎌 葛 骸 蓋 崖 諧 潰 瓦 牙 苛 俺 臆 岡 旺 艶 稽 憬 詣 熊 窟 串 惧 錦 僅 巾 嗅 臼 畿 亀 伎 玩 挫 沙 痕 頃 駒 傲 乞 喉 梗 虎 股 舷 鍵 拳 桁 隙 呪 腫 嫉 叱 鹿 餌 摯 恣 斬 拶 刹 柵 埼 塞 采 戚 脊 醒 凄 裾 須 腎 芯 尻 拭 憧 蹴 羞 袖 汰 遜 捉 踪 痩 曾 爽 遡 狙 膳 箋 詮 腺 煎 羨 鶴 爪 椎 捗 嘲 貼 酎 緻 綻 旦 誰 戴 堆 唾 鍋 謎 梨 奈 那 丼 貪 頓 栃 瞳 藤 賭 妬 填 溺 諦 阜 訃 肘 膝 眉 斑 阪 汎 氾 箸 剥 罵 捻 虹 匂 喩 闇 弥 冶 麺 冥 蜜 枕 昧 勃 頬 貌 蜂 蔑 璧 餅 蔽 脇 麓 籠 弄 呂 瑠 瞭 侶 慄 璃 藍 辣 拉 沃 瘍 妖 湧 柿 哺 楷 睦 釜 錮 賂 毀 勾
See also
References
- ^ http://www.omniglot.com/writing/japanese_hiragana.htm
- ^ A Guide to Reading & Writing Japanese, Charles E. Tuttle Co., 1961 Edition
- ^ "In 1981 the joyo kanji list superseded the old toyo kanji list — the list of Chinese characters which was announced in November 1946 and designated for daily use." -Japan Times editorial, "Revising the list of kanji", Nov. 16, 2008, retrieved 27 May 2009.
- ^ Akihiko Shiraishi, 「柿」など９字追加、「鷹」は選外 新常用漢字の修正案 ("New draft table adds 196 everyday-use kanji") in Asahi Shimbun, 23 October 2009, retrieved 25 October 2009.
External links
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