Jack Dempsey

Jack Dempsey
Conservation status
Secure
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Actinopterygii Order: Perciformes Family: Cichlidae Genus: Cichlasoma Species: C. octofasciatum
Binomial name
Cichlasoma octofasciatum (Regan, 1903)

The Jack Dempsey (Archocentrus octofasciatus (Regan, 1903), formerly Nandopsis octofasciatum and Cichlasoma octofasciatum) is a cichlid fish that is widely distributed across North and Central America (from Mexico south to Honduras).^[1][2] Its common name refers to its aggressive nature, likened to that of the famous 1920s boxer Jack Dempsey.^{[citation needed]}

Distribution

The fish is native to Yucatan and Central America, where it is found in slow-moving waters, such as swampy areas with warm, murky water, weedy, mud- and sand-bottomed canals, drainage ditches, and rivers.^[1] It is also established as an introduced species in Australia, the USA and Thailand (presumably as an aquarium escapee).^[3]

Ecology

The Jack Dempsey natively lives in a tropical climate and prefers water with a pH of 7-8, a water hardness of 9–20 dGH, and a temperature range of 22–30 °C (72–86 °F). It can reach up to 25 cm (10 in) in length. It is carnivorous, eating worms, crustaceans, insects and other fish.^[1]

Reproduction

Jack Dempseys lay their eggs on the substrate (the bottom of the aquarium or pool). Like most cichlids, they show substantial parental care: both parents help incubate the eggs and guard the fry when they hatch. Jack Dempseys are known to be attentive parents, pre-chewing food to feed to their offspring. A lot of times however they will eat their fry when the breeding pair are overly disturbed or something in their environment is wrong.

Morphology

The coloration changes as the fish matures from a light gray or tan with faint turquoise flecks to a dark purple-gray with very bright, iridescent blue, green, and gold flecks. The dorsal and anal fins of mature males have long, pointed tips. Females lack these exaggerated tips.

In the aquarium

Like most cichlids it is territorial, especially against its own kind and similar species. The fish was once very popular due to its striking appearance and personable mannerisms. While it is a popular aquarium fish, due to its behavior and size it is not easy to keep.

Trivia

In 1997 the San Francisco Chronicle reported that a man had died when he put a Jack Dempsey into his mouth as a joke: the fish presumably erected its fin spines to avoid being swallowed, a characteristic cichlid anti-predator response, and became wedged in the man's throat.^[4]

References

1. ^ ^{a b c} "Cichlasoma octofasciatum". FishBase. Ed. Ranier Froese and Daniel Pauly. May 2005 version. N.p.: FishBase, 2005.
2. ^ Cichlasoma octofasciatum (TSN 169779). Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Accessed on June 22 2005.
3. ^ Countries where Cichlasoma octofasciatum is found. Fishbase (January 2007). Retrieved on 2007-06-27.
4. ^ Barlow, G. W. (2000). The Cichlid fishes pp 12-13. Cambridge MA: Perseus

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