Jamal Pasha

Jamal Pasha with Iraqi tribal leaders, celebrating the completion of the al-Hindya dam on the Euphrates river near al-Hilla, south of Baghdad.

Jamal Pasha (1872 – 1922), known in the Arab world as Jamal the Butcher, was a notorious Turkish military leader and commander of the Ottoman Fourth Army, who was stationed in Damascus, during World War I. He was known among the local Arab inhabitants as al-Saffah, "the Blood Shedder" or "the Butcher", being responsible for the hanging of many Lebanese, Syrian Shi'a Muslims and Christians wrongly accused of treason on May 6, 1916, in Damascus and Beirut ^[1].

References

1. ^ Cleveland, William: A History of the Modern Middle East. Boulder: Westview Press, 2004. "World War I and the End of the Ottoman Order", 146-167.

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