Orr, James (‘the Bard of Ballycarry’) (1770-1816), weaver poet. Born at Broad Island, Co. Antrim, he became a member of the United Irishmen and contributed poetry to The Northern Star. Orr frequently wrote in the vernacular, and is acknowledged to be the best Ulster-Scots poet by John Hewitt and others.
James Lawrence Orr
| Irish Literature Companion: James Orr |
| Columbia Encyclopedia: James Lawrence Orr |
Orr, James Lawrence, 1822-73, American politician, b. Craytonville, S.C. He served in the South Carolina legislature (1844-48) and in the U.S. House of Representatives (1849-59), where he was (1857-59) speaker. Orr opposed secession during the 1850s but followed his state into the Confederacy after Abraham Lincoln was elected President in 1860. After brief military service, he was elected (Dec., 1861) to the Confederate senate, where he held office throughout the Civil War. He was elected governor of South Carolina in 1866. Orr, at first a supporter of President Andrew Johnson's Reconstruction plan, became a radical Republican when it became clear that the radical Republicans were dominant. He was appointed (Dec., 1872) minister to Russia, where he died.
| Wikipedia: James Lawrence Orr |
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| James Lawrence Orr | |
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| In office December 7, 1857 – March 4, 1859 |
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| President | James Buchanan |
| Preceded by | Nathaniel P. Banks |
| Succeeded by | William Pennington |
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| In office March 4, 1849 – March 3, 1853 |
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| Preceded by | Richard F. Simpson |
| Succeeded by | William Aiken |
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| In office March 4, 1853 – March 4, 1859 |
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| Preceded by | Armistead Burt |
| Succeeded by | John D. Ashmore |
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| In office 1862 |
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| In office February 18, 1862 – May 10, 1865 |
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| In office November 29, 1865 – July 6, 1868 |
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| Lieutenant | W.D. Porter |
| Preceded by | Benjamin F. Perry |
| Succeeded by | Robert K. Scott |
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| Born | May 12, 1822 Anderson County, South Carolina |
| Died | May 5, 1873 (aged 50) Saint Petersburg, Russia |
| Political party | Democratic |
| Alma mater | University of Virginia |
| Profession | Law |
James Lawrence Orr (May 12, 1822 – May 5, 1873) was an American politician who served as Speaker of the United States House of Representatives in the United States Congress. He later served in the Confederate Congress during the American Civil War and was a postbellum Governor of South Carolina.
Biography
Orr was born at Craytonville, South Carolina located in Anderson County, South Carolina.He graduated at the University of Virginia in 1841 and became an attorney. He served as a Democratic Congressman from South Carolina from 1849 to 1859, serving as the Speaker of the House from 1857 to 1859. Congressman Orr was an advocate of states' rights who used his position of power to assist those persons who promoted the continuation of slavery. He foresaw the consequences of the decision by South Carolina to attempt to secede from the Union, but he remained loyal to that State. He was one of the three commissioners sent to Washington, D.C. to negotiate the transfer of federal property to the State of South Carolina; the failure of these negotiations led directly to the bombardment of one of the highest-profile federal assets within South Carolina, Fort Sumter.
After Fort Sumter and the outbreak of the American Civil War, the former congressman organized and commanded Orr's Regiment of South Carolina Rifles, which saw little action before he resigned in 1862 and entered the Confederate Senate. Ironically, the regiment continued to bear his name throughout the war and fought in some of the most prominent battles of the Army of Northern Virginia. In the Senate, he remained a strong proponent of states' rights.
At the end of the war, Orr was elected governor in 1865 of the state of South Carolina and served until 1868 with the passage of a new state constitution. He died in St. Petersburg, Russia shortly after being named Minister to Russia by President Ulysses S. Grant. He is interred in the First Presbyterian Church Cemetery in Anderson, SC.
| United States House of Representatives | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Nathaniel P. Banks |
Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives December 7, 1857 – March 4, 1859 |
Succeeded by William Pennington |
| Confederate States House of Representatives | ||
| Preceded by Thomas Jefferson Withers |
Representative to the Provisional Confederate Congress from South Carolina 1862 |
Succeeded by (none) |
| Confederate States Senate | ||
| New institution | Confederate States Senator from South Carolina February 18, 1862 – May 10, 1865 Served alongside: Robert Woodward Barnwell |
Defeat of the Confederacy |
| Political offices | ||
| Preceded by Benjamin Franklin Perry |
Governor of South Carolina November 29, 1865 – July 6, 1868 |
Succeeded by Robert Kingston Scott |
| Diplomatic posts | ||
| Preceded by Andrew G. Curtin |
United States Ambassador to Russia December 12, 1872 – May 6, 1873 |
Succeeded by Marshall Jewell |
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 | Irish Literature Companion. The Concise Oxford Companion to Irish Literature. Copyright © 1996, 2000, 2003 by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. Read more |
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