James W. Holsinger

 

James W. Holsinger, Jr.
Kentucky Cabinet Secretary for Health and Family Services
In office 2003 – 2005
Chancellor University of Kentucky's Chandler Medical Center
In office 1994 – 2003
13th Under Secretary of Veterans Affairs for Health
In office 1990 – 1993
Born	May 11 1939 (1939--) (age 68) Kansas City, Kansas
Political party	Republican
Spouse	Barbara Craig Holsinger, Ph.D.
Residence	Lexington, Kentucky
Alma mater	Duke University University of Kentucky University of South Carolina Asbury Theological Seminary
Occupation	medicine, public health
Religion	Methodist

This article is about James W. Holsinger, Jr. For other uses, see Holsinger (disambiguation).

James Wilson Holsinger, Jr., (born May 11, 1939 in Kansas City, Kansas) is an American physician. A former Major General in the U.S. Army Reserve (1962 to 1993), he has worked primarily in the public health for over thirty years. He served as the Under Secretary of Veterans Affairs for Health from 1990 to 1993, during the administrations of George H. W. Bush and Bill Clinton.^[1] From 1994 to 2003, Holsinger was the Chancellor of the University of Kentucky's Chandler Medical Center. From 2003 to 2005 he served as Kentucky's Secretary of Health and Family Services.^[2] On May 24, 2007, President George W. Bush nominated Holsinger to become the Surgeon General of the United States.^[3] Holsinger's nomination became controversial due to, according to his critics, anti-gay bias in his work in the United Methodist Church.^[4]

Holsinger obtained his medical degree in 1964 and a Ph.D. in anatomy in 1968, both from Duke University. As of 2007, he is a professor at the University of Kentucky. Holsinger is a leader in the United Methodist Church, serving as treasurer of the World Methodist Council and as President of the Judicial Council.^[2]

Early life and education

Holsinger was born in Kansas City, Kansas to James W. Holsinger, Sr. (1906–1994), an Army Brigadier General, and Ruth Reitz Holsinger (b. 1909).^[5][6]

Holsinger graduated from Duke University with a M.D. in 1964 and a Ph.D. in anatomy in 1968. He holds a degree from the University of Kentucky in human studies. Additionally, he holds master's degrees in hospital financial management from the University of South Carolina, as well as biblical studies from the Asbury Theological Seminary.^[7][2]

He served as a surgical resident at Duke University Medical Center and Shands Teaching Hospital where he was also a fellow in Cardiology.^[2] Holsinger has published four medical books and sixty-one peer-reviewed papers.^[2]

Career

Department of Veterans Affairs

Holsinger served for twenty-six years in the United States Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) from 1969 to 1994.^[8] He served at five different hospitals, rising to become a Medical Center Director.^[2] In 1990, President George H. W. Bush appointed Holsinger as Chief Medical Director of the VA (title changed to Under Secretary of Veterans Affairs for Health in 1992).^[9] He implemented the joint VA and Department of Defense Contingency Hospital System, which could provide 25,000 beds within seventy-two hours for soldiers fighting in Kuwait during the first Iraq War.^[10][11] He oversaw the nation's largest health care system, which served one million in-patients and twenty million out-patient visits per year. Holsinger also developed health care policy for twenty-six million veterans.^[12]

When Holsinger assumed the post of Chief Medical Director, the VA was criticized for the quality of the care it provided. In 1991, Holsinger acknowledged that inadequate care had caused the deaths of six patients at its North Chicago hospital.^[13] He commissioned a team to review the quality of care, and based on its findings suspended surgical care at the facility. Later, testimony before a Congressional subcommittee reported problems at more than thirty other veterans' hospitals.^[1] Holsinger responded, "Our patients are older, sicker and more complex than the average patient."^[1]

In 1993, he moved to Kentucky to become the Director of the VA Medical Center. He remained a consultant in cardiology for the hospital until 2003. Holsinger was awarded the Surgeon General's Medal by Surgeon General Antonia Novello.^[2]

United States Army Reserve

Holsinger served for over thirty-one years in the United States Army Reserve. He was awarded the Distinguished Service Medal, the Legion of Merit and the Meritorious Service Medal three times. He was assigned to the Joint Chiefs of Staff and promoted to Major General in medical logistics working at the Pentagon under General Colin Powell. Holsinger retired from the United States Army Reserve in 1993.^[2]

University of Kentucky

From 1994 to 2003, Holsinger served as Chancellor of the University of Kentucky Medical Center with responsibility for five health colleges, four graduate centers, two hospitals and numerous clinics in Kentucky.^[14] Under Holsinger's leadership, the university built the Gill Heart Institute and two research buildings, and Holsinger laid the groundwork for the expansion the hospital has undergone since he left.^[15][10] Holsinger helped establish the Women's Health Center and the College of Public Health.^[10] After spending two years in Kentucky state government, he returned to the University of Kentucky as a professor for the graduate program in Public Health. In 2004, Holsinger was named a Master in the American College of Physicians.^[16]

HIV education efforts

In the late 1990s, Holsinger led an international team to address the AIDS epidemic in sub-Saharan Africa. Working with Africa University in Zimbabwe, the team created a School of Health Sciences with nursing and public health programs to educate young people to deal with the AIDS crisis. Holsinger helped the university obtain a USAID grant to build the facility, which houses one of the few AIDS laboratories in southern Africa.^[17][10] In 2007, the program is preparing to field-test an HIV vaccine.^[18]

Kentucky state government

Holsinger served as Secretary of the Cabinet for Health and Family Services for Kentucky under Governor Ernie Fletcher.^[15] He was responsible for the management of the state’s health and social services programs, including the five billion dollar Kentucky Medicaid program.^[19][20] Holsinger also led the social services response to the 6,000 evacuees of Hurricane Katrina who relocated to Kentucky.^[10]

While serving as Secretary, Holsinger published a paper on physician professionalism stating that the autonomous practice of medicine contributes to physician dissatisfaction because of the prevalence of third-party payers and liability concerns. He recommended a new professional structure based on teamwork between physicians and "fair access to health care for all Americans."^[21]

Political affiliation

The Associated Press said Holsinger was a financial supporter of the Republican Party.^[22] According to the The Courier-Journal, he contributed $23,000 over ten years to the party and its candidates, including President George W. Bush.^[23]

Nomination for Surgeon General

On May 24, 2007, Holsinger was nominated by George W. Bush to become the 18th Surgeon General of the United States. The Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions (HELP) held the confirmation hearing on July 12, 2007. If the Committee recommends Holsinger for Surgeon General, the United States Senate is expected to vote in September.^[3]

Holsinger was supported by the American College of Physicians and former Surgeon General C. Everett Koop. He was opposed by several gay and lesbian organizations and the American Public Health Association.^[24]

As of October 2007, Scripps Howard News Service reported that the nomination was in trouble. The Senate committee was waiting for Holsinger to answer follow-up questions from the July confirmation hearing. According to one source, the "prospects for confirmation appear dim". He retains the support of several Republicans and the White House. The president may recess appoint him into office.^[25]

Confirmation process

Following the nomination, Holsinger's views on homosexuality came under scrutiny, and several Democratic senators expressed concern or opposition to the nomination. In addition, individuals released statements supporting or opposing the nomination. Kevin Naff, editor of the LGBT newspaper, the Washington Blade, charged that Holsinger has a "long record of anti-gay bias."^[26] Paul Weyrich, the conservative commentator, said opposition to Holsinger's nomination amounted to an assault on religious freedom.^[27] Still others asserted that Holsinger is not hostile to homosexuals citing his support for a session on lesbian health issues at a health conference^[15] and the support of a former colleague who is a lesbian.^[4]

The critics were largely concerned with a 1991 white paper he wrote titled Pathophysiology of Male Homosexuality for a committee in the United Methodist Church reviewing its position that homosexuality violates Christian teaching.^[4] According to Jake Tapper of ABC News, the paper "purported" to discuss homosexuality from a medical standpoint.^[28][4] But the Rev. J. Philip Wogaman, the main writer for the committee, said Holsinger imposed his views of homosexuality in the report.^[4] According to Wogaman, Holsinger resigned after he anticipated that the committee was preparing to support the moral dignity of non-promiscuous homosexuality.^[4] The church never adopted the committee's recommendations^[29] but continues to struggle with the issue.^[30]

Supporters of Holsinger's nomination defended the paper as a review of the relevant medical literature at that time.^[4] Critics said the paper reflected a pre-1970s view of human sexuality, and that it had a political agenda and was not a scientific paper.^[28] At his confirmation hearing, Holsinger said the paper did not represent his current views and was not “an example of my scientific work.”^[3]

Critics have also expressed concerns about Holsinger's leadership of The United Methodist Church’s Judicial Council, the highest court of the Church. In 2005, the court defrocked Elizabeth Stroud, an openly lesbian minister, and in a separate case reinstated a pastor who had been suspended for refusing to allow a gay man to join his congregation.^{[31][4][15][32]} However, a Judicial Council member said that the decisions should not be read as Holsinger's personal views because the council does not have the power to establish church law and lacked the discretion to rule otherwise.^[15] But, as the New York Times noted, "some council members opposed his views, and the bishops later rejected one decision."^[33][34]

Finally, gay rights groups have expressed concerns that the church to which Holsinger belongs, Hope Springs United Methodist Church, had a program that tries to "cure" gays.^{[4][35][36][37]} However, the church's pastor denied this.^[4][36]

Supporters have pointed out that Holsinger faced down state legislators who, objecting to a session on lesbian health issues at a 2002 women's health conference, threatened to withhold funds.^[15][4] A former co-worker who is lesbian wrote that although a "liberal Democrat", she strongly supported Holsinger as a leader with integrity.^[4]

Public health stances

Smoking

Holsinger has been a strong advocate for tobacco restrictions, implementing smoking bans in the entire VA hospital system^[38] and pushing to increase the excise tax on cigarettes from 3 cents to 75 cents (ultimately raised to 30 cents) in a tobacco-growing state.^[39][33][40] At his confirmation hearing, Holsinger said one of his top three priorities is “making America a tobacco-free nation”.^[3]

Childhood obesity

Holsinger has consistently aired concerns about childhood obesity, pushing for a limit on junk food in schools, lobbying and educating for the promotion of exercise and improvements of school nutrition.^[41][42] He included this as one of his highest priorities at his confirmation hearing.^[3] He said he supported banning mass media advertising of junk food geared to children.^[43]

Readiness of Public Health Service Commissioned Corps

During his confirmation hearings, Holsinger said that if confirmed he would focus on improving the ability of the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps to respond rapidly to emergencies.^[3]

Embryonic stem-cell research

In 2002, Holsinger testified at a Kentucky legislative hearing discussing stem cell research. The Christian right characterized his testimony as supporting a "loosening [of] regulations". However, the White House said that Holsinger's concerns only involved the severity of the penalties.^[44] In 2005, he argued against a Kentucky anti-cloning bill, warning it could restrict future research. Holsinger testified that his father died of Parkinson's disease which is under investigation for gene therapy.^[23] During the HELP hearing, Holsinger said he supported President Bush’s stem cell policy,^[3] which restricts federal funding to already existing embryonic cell lines while providing funds for adult and animal stem cell research.^[45]

Sex education

Holsinger said that abstinence education is one way to prevent sexually transmitted diseases and unwanted teen pregnancy but also supported educating teenagers about condom use.^[46]

Morning after pill

Holsinger said he did not support restricting the availability of an emergency contraceptive known as the morning-after pill, or Plan B.^[46]

Health insurance industry

During the HELP hearing, Holsinger stated that that he would seek ways to help the uninsured. "I think we need to have every American covered for health care." He offered no opinion on how to achieve this goal.^[3] He said that he supported banning drug companies from advertising on television.^[43]

Independence of the office of Surgeon General

Two days before the HELP confirmation hearing, former Surgeon General Richard Carmona went public with claims that the Bush Administration censored his speeches and buried his scientific reports.^[47] When asked about this at the hearing, Holsinger said, “If I were faced with a situation that I felt I could not in good conscience do, I think I have a clear response to that. I would resign.”^[3]

References

External links

• Office of the Surgeon General. United States Department of Health and Human Services homepage.
• President Bush Nominates Dr. James Holsinger Jr. as Surgeon General, White House press release, May 24, 2007.
• UK, State Officials Praise Nomination of James Holsinger, University of Kentucky press release, May 25, 2007.

Persondata
NAME	Holsinger, James Wilson, Jr.
ALTERNATIVE NAMES	Jim
SHORT DESCRIPTION	Surgeon General nominee
DATE OF BIRTH	May 11, 1939
PLACE OF BIRTH	Kansas City, Kansas
DATE OF DEATH
PLACE OF DEATH

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