Jebel Shammar (Arabic: جبل شمر) (Mountain of the Shammar) is a former sovereign state, also known as Emirate of Ha'il, located in what is today northern Saudi Arabia. It was founded in 1835. In 1932, after a period of conflict which involved its conquest on August 22, 1921, it was merged with the states of Nejd, Hejaz and Asir to form modern Saudi Arabia. Ha'il is today a city in Saudi Arabia with 265,000 inhabitants.
History
The Al Rashid were one of the branches of the bedouin confederation of Shammar. In 1887, the Nejd was occupied by the Jebel Shammar, and annexed in 1891, but was reconquered by Ibn Saud on January 15, 1902. On November 2, 1921, Jebel Shammar was conquered by the Sauds, and later became part of Saudi Arabia.
Emirs
- Abdullah (I) ibn Ali al-Rashid (1836-1848)
- Talal ibn Abdullah al-Rashid (1847-1867)
- Mitaab (I) ibn Abdullah al Rashid (1867-1869)
- Bandar ibn Talal al Rashid (1869-1872)
- Muhammad (I) ibn Abdullah al-Rashid (1872-1897)
- Abdul Aziz ibn Mitaab al-Rashid (December 1897 - April 13, 1906)
- Mitaab (II) ibn Abdul Aziz al-Rashid (April 13, 1906 - January 1907)
- Sultan ibn Hammud al-Rashid (January 1907 - January 1908)
- Sa'ud (I) ibn Hammud al-Rashid (January 1908 - September 1908; died in 1909)
- Sa'ud (II) ibn Abdul Aziz al-Rashid (September 14, 1908 - 1920)
- Abdullah (II) ibn Mitaab al-Rashid (May 1920 - 1921; died in 1947)
- Muhammad (II) ibn Talal al-Rashid (1921 - November 2, 1921; died in 1954)
Sources
- Madawi Al-Rasheed, A History of Saudi Arabia, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2002, ISBN 0521644127 (extract)
- World Statesmen - Jebel Shammar
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