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Contents |
Introduction
Jiang Style Baguazhang (姜氏八卦掌) is the style of Baguazhang (八卦掌) taught by Jiang Rongqiao (姜容樵) 1890-1974. Jiang Rongqiao (also anglicized as Chiang Jung Ch’iao) was a student of both Zhang Zhaodong and Cheng Tinghua, both of whom were formal students of Baguazhang founder Dong Haichuan (董海川). Jiang Rong Qiao's Neijia kung fu is one of the most widely practiced combined styles of Baguazhang and Xingyiquan in the world today. Jiang's Bauguazhang is distinguished by emphasizing efficiency of movement and an ambidextrous approach.
Influences and Teachers
Zhang Zhaodong appears to have been the dominant influence on this style, but Jiang had many other influences. Jiang Rongqiao started his training as a student of the Shaolin Kung Fu art of Mizongquan with his father, Jiang Fatai. Jiang Rongqiao later studied more formally with his uncle, Chen Yushan. Jiang also studied Chen style Taijiquan. Eventually, Jiang Rongqiao became a formal student of Zhang Zhaodong, who had studied with both Dong Haiquan and Liu Qilan. Jiang Rongqiao also studied with Li Cunyi, a close associate of Zhang Zhaodong. Li Cunyi (also known as Single Saber Li) was also a student of Dong Haiquan and Liu Qilan. While Jiang Rongqiao did not become a formal disciple of Li, Li Cunyi was clearly a significant influence on Jiang. Also, Jiang studied Liuhebafa with Wu Yi Hui during his stay in Nanjing. Later when he became friends with Wu's disciple Chen Yi Ren, he further studied Liuhebafa in exchange for teaching his system to Chen. He personally wrote about his Liuhebafa study in Chen Yi Ren's 1969 published book entitled Liuhebafa Chuan.
Contributions and Legacy
In 1926, Jiang Rongqiao began teaching kung fu in Nanjing. Jiang was instrumental in developing sets that combined Bagua, Xingyi, and Taijiquan. This includes a Tajiquan set known as Taiji Zhang Quan (or Tai Chi Palm and Fist), which is based on sequences from Jiang’s Bagua and Xingyi, as well as the Old Chen Style T'ai Chi Ch'uan. Some students of Jiang Rongqiao point to these combined forms as a legacy of his teacher Zhang Zhaodong. The practice of internal style Chinese martial arts (Baguazhang, Xingyiquan and Taijiquan and a variety of minor styles) has been called Neijia kung fu. Because Jiang Rongqiao taught Baguazhang along with Xingyiquan (and taught Taiji Zhang Quan as an advanced form), it is difficult to categorize the practice he taught as anything other than Neijia kung fu.
Jiang had an accident and went blind. Jiang's adopted daughter, Zou Shuxian, taught classes and helped produce his most famous book, Bagua Palms Practice Method. This was the first Baguazhang book published in China after the 1949 revolution. This book greatly enhanced Jiang's reputation as one of the most famous Chinese Internal style Martial Artists of his generation. Jiang Rong Qiao died at the age of 84. Several of his closest students were: Sha Guozhen, Zou Shuxian, Ji Yuansong, and Yang Bangtai.
System
Jiangs system of Bagua was kept simple to focus on the pure essence of the art. The material he taught included:
- Bagua Yi Lu 八卦一路 (1st form):
- Lao Ba Zhang 老八掌 (Old 8 Palms - taught to earlier students)
- Xin Ba Zhang 新八掌 (New 8 Palms - a revised version of the former taught to later students)
- Bagua Er Lu 八卦二路 (2nd form): Bagua Tui 八卦腿 (Bagua Leg)
- Zuan Jian 鑽劍 (Drilling Sword)
- Lian Huan Jian 連環劍 (Continuous Sword)
- Spear
Jiang RongQiao's Eight Mother Palm Change Sequence
Preparation
1. Lean on a Horse to ask the way
2. Hide a flower under a leaf
3. Wild Goose leaves the flock
First Palm Change: Single Palm Change
1. Purple Swallow fans its tail
2. Close the door to push out the moon
3. Hide a flower under a leaf
4. Wild Goose leaves the flock
Second Palm Change: Double Palm Change
1. Purple Swallow fans its tail
2. Close the door to push out the moon
3. Fierce Tiger leaves its cage
4. Golden Pheasant spreads its wings
5. Plant a flower by a tree
6. Remove helmet from behind the head
7. Embrace Moon against the chest
8. Hide a flower under a leaf
9. Wild Goose leaves the flock
Third Palm Change: Straight Palm Change
1. Purple Swallow fans its tail
2. Close the door to push out the moon
3. Hawk soars to the sky
4. White Snake coils its body
5. Embrace moon against the chest
6. Fair Lady offers a book
7. Tai Shan presses down
8. Golden Eagle ripping the body I
9. Golden Eagle ripping the body II
10. Monkey picking fruit
11. Monkey sitting in a cave
12. Unicorn spits out a book
13. Purple Swallow seizes water
14. Embrace moon against the chest
15. Hide a flower under a leaf
16. Wild Goose leaves the flock
Fourth Palm Change
1. Purple Swallow fans its tail
2. Close the door to push out the moon
3. Golden Pheasant spreads its wings
4. Plant a flower by a tree
5. Remove helmet from behind the head
6. Clouds drifting above Szechuan road
7. Golden Pheasant spreads its wings
8. Plant a flower by a tree
9. Black Dragon coils its waist
10. Reign in the Wild Horse
11. Open the robe
12. Push the mountain into the sea
13. Bat swoops down
14. Purple Swallow seizes water
15. Hold moon against the chest
16. Hide a flower under a leaf
17. Wild Goose leaves the flock
Fifth Palm Change
1. White Ape offers the fruit
2. Big Roc spreads its wings
3. Cross arms
4. Present the clothes
5. Sweep thousand soldiers I
6. Sweep thousand soldiers II
7. Hawk turns over
8. Kingfisher strikes at fish
9. Embrace moon against the chest
10. Monkey steals the peach
Sixth Palm Change
1. Purple swallow fans its tail
2. Rhinoceros looking at the moon
3. Heavenly Ruler holds up the pagoda
4. White Snake spits out the mushroom
5. Fierce Tiger leaves its cage
6. Golden Pheasant spreads its wings
7. Plant a flower by a tree
8. Remove Helmet from behind the head
9. Embrace moon against the chest
10. Hide a flower under a leaf
11. Wild Goose leaves the flock
Seventh Palm Change
1. Lion holds a ball
2. Lion rolls the ball
3. Lion pounces on the ball
4. Lion opens its maw
5. Lion sticks its tongue out
6. Lion turns its body
Eighth Palm Change
1. Heavenly Horse walks in the sky
2. Mount the horse and draw the bow
3. Golden Snake coils round a Willow Tree I
4. Wild Horse crashes through the Corral I
5. Golden Snake coils round a Willow Tree II
6. Wild Horse crashes through the Corral II
7. Liu Hai plays with the toad
8. Big Python turns on its back
9. Black Bear thrusts its paw
10. Fierce Tiger leaves its cage
11. Golden Pheasant spreads its wings
12. Plant a flower by a tree
13. Remove helmet from behind the head
14. Embrace moon against the chest
15. Hide a flower under a leaf
16. Wild Goose leaves the flock
Jiang Rongqiao's Books
Jiang Rongqiao authored a number of books (Joseph Crandall has translated many of these books into English):
Xingyi Mu Quan (Xingyi Mother Fists);
Baguazhang Lianxifa (Bagua Palms Practice Method);
Xingyi Za Si Chui and Ba Shi Quan;
Xingyi Lianhuan Quan;
Bagua Mysterious Spear;
Qingping Sword;
Tiger Tail Whip.
External links
- Joe Crandall's Smiling Tiger website with many English translations of Jiang Rong Qiao's books [1]
- Gerald Sharp's on-line biography page for Jiang Rong Qiao [2] and a sample application [3]
- Andrea Falk's translations of several of Jiang Rong Qiao's books are available at www.thewushucentre.net [4]
- Jiang Family Internal Arts Research Institute (Japan) - Master Iiyoku Daigo, successor/godson of Zou Shu Xian
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