John Kemp

John Kemp (c. 1380 – 22 March 1454) was a medieval English cardinal, archbishop of Canterbury, and Lord Chancellor of England.

Biography

He was son of Thomas Kempe, a gentleman of Ollantigh, in the parish of Wye near Ashford, Kent. He was born about 1380 and educated at Merton College, Oxford.

He practised as an ecclesiastical lawyer, was an assessor at the trial of Oldcastle, and in 1415 was made dean of the Court of Arches but did not do a good job as dean. He then passed into the royal service, and being employed in the administration of Normandy was eventually made chancellor of the duchy.^{[citation needed]} In 1418 he was made Keeper of the Privy Seal which he retained until 1421.^[1] Early in 1419 he was elected bishop of Rochester, and was consecrated at Rouen on 3 December.^[2] In February of 1421 he was translated to Chichester,^[3] and in November following to London.^[4]

During the minority of Henry VI Kempe had a prominent position in the English council as a supporter of Henry Beaufort,^{[citation needed]} whom he succeeded as chancellor in March of 1426.^[5] In this same year on 20 July he was promoted to the Archbishop of York.^[6] Kempe held office as chancellor for six years; his main task in government was to keep Humphrey of Gloucester in check.^{[citation needed]} His resignation on 28 February 1432^[5]was a concession to Gloucester. He still enjoyed Beaufort's favour, and retaining his place in the council was employed on important missions, especially at the congress of Arras in 1435, and the conference at Calais in 1438.

In December 1439 he was created a cardinal priest,^[7] and during the next few years took less share in politics. He supported William de la Pole, Earl of Suffolk over the king's marriage with Margaret of Anjou; but afterwards there arose some difference between them, due in part to a dispute about the nomination of the cardinal's nephew, Thomas Kempe, to the bishopric of London.^{[citation needed]} At the time of Suffolk’s fall in January of 1450 Kemp once more became chancellor.^[5] His appointment may have been due to the fact that he was not committed entirely to either party. In spite of his age and infirmity he showed some vigour in dealing with Jack Cade's rebellion, and by his official experience and skill did what he could for four years to sustain the king's authority.

He was rewarded by his translation to Canterbury in July of 1452,^[8] when Pope Nicholas added as a special honour the title of cardinal-bishop of Santa Rufina. As Richard of York gained influence, Kempe became unpopular; men called him "the cursed cardinal," and his fall seemed imminent^{[citation needed]} when he died suddenly on 22 March 1454.^[8] He was buried at Canterbury, in the choir.

Kempe was a politician first, and hardly at all a bishop; and he was accused with some justice of neglecting his dioceses, especially at York. Still he was a capable official, and a faithful servant to Henry VI, who called him "one of the wisest lords of the land" (Paslon Letters, l. 315). He founded a college at his native place at Wye, that is now part of the University of London.

Notes

References

• Dugdale, William, Monasticon, iii. 254, vi. 1430-1432;
• Hook, Walter Farquhar, Lives of Archbishops of Canterbury, v. 188—267
• Fryde, E. B.; Greenway, D. E.; Porter, S.; Roy, I. (1996). Handbook of British Chronology (Third Edition, revised ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-56350-X. 
• Raine, James, Historians of the Church of York, vol. ii.

External links

• John Kemp at Catholic Encyclopedia Online
• John Kemp at Britannia Biographies

• This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica, Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain.