Martin, John (1770–1807), actor. Although William Dunlap calls him the first native American to become a professional player, he was probably deprived of that honor by the young Princeton graduate known only as Greville. However, he almost certainly was the first American to have an extended career on his native stages. Dunlap wrote of him, “He was of fair complexion, middle height, light figure, and played the youthful characters of many tragedies and comedies in a style called respectable. . . . He laboured hard, lived poor, and died young.” Martin made his debut as Young Norval in Douglas at the John Street Theatre in 1791. He later played such roles as Mendoza in Sheridan's The Duenna, Octavius in Julius Caesar, Malcolm in Macbeth, and in 1794 created the role of Ferdinand in Tammany.
John Martin
| American Theater Guide: John Martin |
| Scientist: Archer John Porter Martin |
British chemist (1910–
Martin, a Londoner by birth, was educated at Cambridge University, obtaining his PhD in 1936. He worked as a research chemist with the Wool Industries Research Association in Leeds from 1938 to 1946 and with Boots Research Department in Nottingham until 1948 when he joined the Medical Research Council. From 1959 until 1970 Martin was director of Abbotbury Laboratories Ltd.
In 1944 Martin and his colleague Richard Synge (1914–1994) developed a chromatographic technique that proved indispensable to later workers investigating protein structures. Without this technique the explosive growth of knowledge in biochemistry and molecular biology would have been dampened by prolonged and tedious analyses of complex molecules.
Column chromatography was first invented by Mikhail Tsvet for the analysis of plant pigments in 1906. Martin was trying to isolate vitamin E and developed a new method of separation involving the distribution and separation of molecules between two immiscible solvents flowing in different directions – countercurrent extraction. From this rather cumbersome apparatus evolved the idea of partition chromatography, in which one solvent is stationary and the other moves across it. Martin and Synge tried different substances, such as silica gel and cellulose, to hold the stationary solvent and hit on the idea of using paper. Thus paper chromatography was introduced.
In this process a drop of the mixture to be analyzed is placed at the corner of a piece of absorbent paper the edge of which is dipped into an organic solvent. This will soak into the paper by capillarity taking with it the components of the mixture to be analyzed to different distances depending on their solubility. In the case of a protein, the identity of the various amino acids can be discovered comparing positions of the spots with a reference chart. The basic technique is easy to operate, quick, cheap, works on small amounts, and can separate out closely related substances.
For their work Martin and Synge were awarded the 1952 Nobel Prize for chemistry. Martin tended to treat the value of their contribution somewhat dismissively, pointing out that “All the ideas are simple and had peoples' minds been directed that way the method would have flourished perhaps a century earlier.”
| Dictionary of Dance: John Martin |
Martin, John (b Louisville, Ky., 2 June 1893, d Saratoga Springs, NY, 19 May 1985). US ballet critic and dance writer. He was a pioneer in the field of dance criticism in America, the first dance critic to be appointed by a major newspaper, in his case the New York Times. From that position, which he held from 1927 to 1962, he became one of the most influential and enthusiastic champions of modern dance in America. His books include The Modern Dance (New York, 1933), Introduction to the Dance (New York, 1939), The Dance (New York, 1945) and World Book of Modern Ballet (New York, 1952).
| Columbia Encyclopedia: Archer John Porter Martin |
| Artist: Martin Archer |
- Born: 1957, Sheffield, Yorkshire, England
- Active: '80s, '90s, 2000s
- Genres: Avant-Garde
- Instrument: Sax (Soprano), Sax (Alto), Clarinet
- Representative Albums: "Heritage and Ringtones," "Winter Pilgrim Arriving," "English Commonflowers"
Biography
Martin Archer's career goes against every possible aspect of the music business. After 15 years as a sax player on the British improvisation scene, he called it quits, bought a synthesizer and a sequencer, and started to record dense and challenging experimental music that blends elements of free jazz and electronics. His records are released through his own Discus label and are available only through direct order from www.discus.mcmail.com, as he refuses to distribute them.Martin Archer was born in Sheffield, England, in 1957. He started playing saxophone at age 15 and first got active on the Sheffield improvisational scene in 1973. In the early '80s, he recorded an LP with Bass Tone Trap, his first group. In 1983 he formed the saxophone quartet Hornweb, which, in ten years of existence, released three albums. It is during that time that Archer released his first solo album, Wild Pathway Favourites (1988) and founded the Discus label on which he since releases all his music.
In 1993, he disbanded Hornweb and turned to synthesizers and sequencers while shifting his activities from stage to studio. He developed a compositional approach in which he records improvisers soloing, then manipulates this raw material, combining it with electronics and structuring it into a whole new piece. This technique is illustrated on Wild Pathway Favourites, Ghost Lily Cascade (1996), and Pure Water Construction (with bassist Simon H. Fell, released in 1999). Later works such as Winter Pilgrim Arriving (2000) moved toward more constructed and less abstract pieces, even making room for melodies and rhythm tracks at times.
Apart from his solo work, Archer is also involved in Ask, a duo with guitarist John Jasnoch, and Transient v Resident, an ambient electronics project with Chris Bywater. ~ François Couture, All Music Guide
| Discography: Martin Archer |
| Wikipedia: John Martin (painter) |
John Martin (19 July 1789 – 17 February, 1854) was an important and influential English Romantic painter of the nineteenth century.
Contents |
Beginnings
Martin was born at Haydon Bridge, near Hexham in Northumberland. He was apprenticed by his father to a coachbuilder in Newcastle upon Tyne to learn heraldic painting, but owing to a quarrel the indentures were cancelled, and he was placed under Bonifacio Musso, an Italian artist, father of the enamel painter Charles Muss. With his master, Martin removed from Newcastle to London in 1806, where he married at the age of nineteen, and supported himself by giving drawing lessons, and by painting in water colors, and on china and glass. His leisure was occupied in the study of perspective and architecture.
Paintings
His first exhibited subject picture, Sadak in Search of the Waters of Oblivion (now in the St. Louis Art Museum), was hung in the Ante-room of the Royal Academy in 1812, and sold for fifty guineas. It was followed by the Expulsion (1813), Paradise (1813), Clytie (1814), and Joshua Commanding the Sun to Stand Still upon Gibeon (1816). In 1821 appeared his Belshazzar's Feast, which excited much favorable and hostile comment, and was awarded a prize of £200 at the British Institution, where the Joshua had previously carried off a premium of £100. Then came the Destruction of Herculaneum (1822), the Creation (1824), the Eve of the Deluge (1841), and a series of other Biblical and imaginative subjects. The Plains of Heaven is thought to reflect his memories of the Allendale of his youth.
Martin's large paintings were inspired by "contemporary dioramas or panoramas, popular entertainments in which large painted cloths were displayed, and animated by the skilful use of artificial light. Martin has often been claimed as a forerunner of the epic cinema, and there is no doubt that the pioneer director D. W. Griffith was aware of his work."[1] In turn, the diorama makers borrowed Martin's work, to the point of plagiarism. A 2,000-square-foot (190 m2) version of Belshazzar's Feast was mounted at a facility called the British Diorama in 1833; Martin tried, but failed, to shut down the display with a court order. Another diorama of the same picture was staged in New York City in 1835. These dioramas were tremendous successes with their audiences, but wounded Martin's reputation in the serious art world.[2] The painting The Destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah, 1852 is currently at the Laing Art Gallery in Newcastle upon Tyne.
Engravings
In addition to being a painter, John Martin was a major mezzotint engraver and for significant periods of his life he earned more from his engravings than his paintings. In 1823, Martin was commissioned by Samuel Prowett, an American publisher, to illustrate John Milton's Paradise Lost, for which he was paid 2000 pounds. However, before the first 24 engravings were completed he was paid a further 1500 pounds for a second set of 24 engravings on smaller plates. Two of the more notable prints include Pandæmonium and Satan Presiding at the Infernal Council, remarkable for the science fiction element visible in the depicted architecture. Prowett issued 4 separate editions of the engravings in monthly installments, the first appearing on 20 March 1825 and the last in 1827. Later, inspired by Prowett’s venture, between 1831 and 1835 Martin published his own illustrations to the Old Testament but the project was a serious drain on his resources and not very profitable. He sold his remaining stock to Charles Tilt who republished them in a folio album in 1838 and in a smaller format in 1839.
Fame
Martin enjoyed immense popularity and a print of Belshazzar's Feast hung on the parlour wall of the Brontë vicarage in Haworth, where Charlotte and Branwell copied Martin's works. Martin's fantasy architecture influenced the Glasstown and Angria of the Bronte juvenilia, where he himself appears as Edward de Lisle of Verdopolis. His profile was raised even further in February 1829 when his older brother, non-conformist
He was also occupied with schemes for the improvement of London, and published various pamphlets and plans dealing with the metropolitan water supply, sewerage, dock and railway systems. His 1834 plans for London's sewerage system anticipated by some 25 years the 1859 proposals of Joseph Bazalgette to create intercepting sewers complete with walkways along both banks of the River Thames.
During the last four years of his life Martin was engaged upon a triptych of very large biblical subjects: The Last Judgment, The Great Day of His Wrath, and The Plains of Heaven. The paintings were bequeathed to Tate Britain in 1874. Martin suffered an attack of paralysis while painting and died on the Isle of Man.
Like some other popular artists, Martin fell victim to changes in fashion and public taste. His "grandiose visions seemed theatrical and outmoded to the mid-Victorians, and Martin died both neglected and forgotten."[3] "Few artists have been subject to such posthumous extremes of critical fortune, for in the 1930s his vast paintings fetched only a pound or two, while today they are valued at many thousands."[2]
Popular Culture
His painting of "The Fallen Angels Entering Pandemonium" was used as the cover art of the NWOBHM band Angel Witch for their self titled debut album.
"The Great Day of His Wrath" is used on the cover of Lustmord's iconic Album, "Heresy".
Family
With his wife Susan, Martin had five children: Alfred (who became an engineer), Isabella, Zenobia (who married the artist Peter Cunningham), Leopold (who became a clerk), and Jessie (who married egyptologist Joseph Bonomi).
See also
Notes
References
This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica, Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain.
- Adams, Max. The Firebringers: Art, science and the struggle for Liberty in 19th century Britain. London, Quercus, 2009. ISBN 9781847248695
- Johnstone, Christopher. John Martin. London, Academy Editions, 1974. ISBN 0856701750
- Hall, Marshall. The Artists of Northumbria. Bristol, Art Dictionaries, 2005. ISBN 0953260992
- Lambourne, Lionel. Victorian Painting. London, Phaidon Press, 1999.
- Wood, Christopher. Victorian Painting. Boston, Little, Brown & Co., 1999. ISBN 0821223267
External links
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: John Martin |
- The World of John Martin
- On John Martin and Cities
- Phryne's list of pictures by Martin in accessible UK collections
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 | American Theater Guide. The Oxford Companion to American Theatre. Copyright © 2004 by Oxford University Press, Inc. All rights reserved. Read more |
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| Scientist. A Dictionary of Scientists. Copyright © Market House Books Ltd 1993, 1999, 2003. All rights reserved. Read more |
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| Dictionary of Dance. The Oxford Dictionary of Dance. Copyright © 2000, 2004 by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. Read more |
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| Columbia Encyclopedia. The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition Copyright © 2003, Columbia University Press. Licensed from Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. www.cc.columbia.edu/cu/cup/. Read more |
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