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José María Pino Suárez (September 8, 1869 – February 22, 1913) was a Mexican Politician, Writer, Poet and Lawyer who served as Governor of Yucatán, a Secretary of Education and as Vice President of Mexico from 1911 to 1913.
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Early years
Pino Suárez was born in Tenosique, Tabasco to Alfredo Pino Camara. His Grandfather Pedro Sainz de Baranda was a nephew of the General Pedro Baranda and Joaquín Casasús. At the young age of 14, he left Tenosique for Yucatán, where he concluded his legal studies and went on to publish two books on poetry: Melancolías (1896) and Procelarias (1908).
The Revolution,Cabinet Minister, and Vice President
A member of the Antirreeleccionista Party,he was one of the collaborators with Francisco I. Madero in the early days of the Mexican Revolution. As the Maderista reforms sky rocketed, he held the position of Secretary of Justice in Madero's rebel cabinet (a bit like Britain's shadow cabinet) before being elected to the Governorship of Yucatán. Following the success of the Maderista Revolution, he successfully ran for the vice presidency under the Presidency of Madero (1911), representing the Progressive Constitutional Party (formally Antireelectionist Party). He was also simultaneously Secretario de Educacion y Bellas Artes (Secretary of Education) and in such post, worked tirelessly to bring literacy to the most remote parts of the country, a job for which he was later praised by his twentieth century sucessor Jose Vasconcelos
Assassination
In 1913, while serving as vice president, he was imprisoned in the National Palace in a coup led by the seemingly loyal General Victoriano Huerta. The treacherous General negotiated with the captive President and Vice President,promising to allow them to leave the country along with their family. Although, the Cuban Minister in Mexico, Marquez, writes that Pino Suarez did not believe in such promise, apparently the President Madero did. Thus, Madero and Jose Maria Pino Suarez resigned jointly to their respective posts. Although, Huerta tried to corrupt the Vice President to his side, the latter was famous for his loyalty and refused to leave the Presidents side. They were later assassinated, shot by thirteen bullets along with President Madero outside of the Lecumberri Palace. This stage in Mexican History is known generally as La decena trágica or "the ten tragic days", in February 1913. His body is buried in the Rotunda de los Hombres Illustres, after having died in the pursuit of Liberty and Democracy for Mexico, he left behind a wife and six young children. He is considered a national hero and several streets and public places in Mexico are named after him, including a main street in central Mexico City and Pino Suárez station on the Mexico City Metro are named in his honor. He was the last vice president of México.
See also
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