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Joseph Caillaux

 
Britannica Concise Encyclopedia: Joseph-Marie-Auguste Caillaux
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(born March 30, 1863, Le Mans, France — died Nov. 22, 1944, Mamers) French politician. Serving several times as minister of finance, he was an early but unsuccessful advocate of a national income tax. He was named premier in 1911 but was forced to resign after negotiating a controversial treaty with Germany over the second of the Moroccan crises. Later his opposition to World War I and friendship with German agents led to conviction on charges of corresponding with the enemy. Granted amnesty in 1924, he was later elected to the Senate and became head of the Commission of Finance (1927 – 40).

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Columbia Encyclopedia: Joseph Caillaux
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Caillaux, Joseph (zhôzĕf' kāyō'), 1863-1944, French statesman. Son of a former cabinet minister, he entered the French civil service as inspector of finance. He later became finance minister in the cabinet of René Waldeck-Rousseau (1899-1902) and in the cabinet of Georges Clemenceau (1906-9), winning considerable unpopularity by introducing the income tax. As premier in 1911, he reached a peaceful settlement of the crisis over Morocco with Germany. However, he was severely attacked by the nationalists, and his cabinet fell in 1912. In 1913 he again became minister of finance. He resigned in 1914 to defend his wife, who had shot and killed Gaston Calmette, editor of Le Figaro, for attacking Caillaux's private life. Mme Caillaux was acquitted. Caillaux expressed pacifist sentiments during World War I and allegedly made contact with the Germans to discuss a negotiated peace. He was arrested (1917) and sentenced (1920) to three years imprisonment for involvement with the enemy. After his civil rights were restored under a general amnesty, Caillaux served as finance minister in the cabinets of Paul Painlevé (1925) and Aristide Briand (1926), but after each appointment a hostile chamber of deputies forced his resignation. He was subsequently elected to the senate.

Bibliography

See R. Binion, Defeated Leaders: The Political Fate of Caillaux, Jouvenel, and Tardieu (1960).

Wikipedia: Joseph Caillaux
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Joseph Caillaux

In office
27 June 1911 – 21 January 1912
Preceded by Ernest Monis
Succeeded by Raymond Poincaré
Born 30 March 1863(1863-03-30)
Died 22 November 1944 (aged 81)
Political party None

Joseph-Marie-Auguste Caillaux (30 March 1863 Le Mans - 22 November 1944 Mamers) was a major French politician of the Third Republic. The leader of the Radicals, he favored a policy of conciliation with Germany during his premiership from 1911 to 1912, which led to the maintenance of the peace during the Second Moroccan Crisis of 1911.

In 1914 he resigned as Minister of Finance after his wife Henriette shot Gaston Calmette, the editor of Le Figaro newspaper when he threatened to print a letter written by Caillaux that was political dynamite. She was acquitted, however, and Caillaux became the leader of a peace party in the Assembly during World War I. This led to his arrest and trial for treason in 1918. Again rehabilitated after the war, Caillaux served at various times in the left wing governments of the 1920s.

Joseph Caillaux is interred in the Père Lachaise Cemetery in Paris.

Caillaux's Ministry, 27 June 1911 - 21 January 1912

  • Joseph Caillaux - President of the Council and Minister of the Interior and Worship
  • Justin de Selves - Minister of Foreign Affairs
  • Adolphe Messimy - Minister of War
  • Louis-Lucien Klotz - Minister of Finance
  • René Renoult - Minister of Labour and Social Security Provisions
  • Jean Cruppi - Minister of Justice
  • Théophile Delcassé - Minister of Marine
  • Théodore Steeg - Minister of Public Instruction and Fine Arts
  • Jules Pams - Minister of Agriculture
  • Albert Lebrun - Minister of Colonies
  • Victor Augagneur - Minister of Public Works, Posts, and Telegraphs
  • Maurice Couyba - Minister of Commerce and Industry

See also

Political offices
Preceded by
Ernest Monis		 Prime Minister of France
1911–1912		 Succeeded by
Raymond Poincaré


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Britannica Concise Encyclopedia. Britannica Concise Encyclopedia. © 2006 Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. All rights reserved.  Read more
Columbia Encyclopedia. The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition Copyright © 2003, Columbia University Press. Licensed from Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. www.cc.columbia.edu/cu/cup/.  Read more
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